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Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin. [1] The discoloration is caused by reduction in blood flow through the arterioles that supply the cutaneous capillaries, resulting in deoxygenated blood showing as blue discoloration ().
The skin weighs an average of four kilograms, covers an area of two square metres, and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. [1] The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [3]
What it looks like: Purplish lesions on the inner arms, legs, wrists, or ankles can signify lichen planus, a skin rash triggered by an overreaction of the immune system.
With regard to morphology, the initial lesion that characterizes a condition is known as the "primary lesion", and identification of such a lesions is the most important aspect of the cutaneous examination. [30] Over time, these primary lesions may continue to develop or be modified by regression or trauma, producing "secondary lesions". [1]
Secondary anetoderma is a skin disease that develops in areas where there has previously been or is currently skin pathology. It has been linked to a variety of conditions, such as acne , [ 8 ] urticaria pigmentosa , [ 9 ] syphilis , [ 6 ] leprosy , [ 8 ] granuloma annulare , [ 10 ] insect bites , [ 11 ] and antiphospholipid syndrome . [ 12 ]
There are three groups within the classification, the first being those who have pruritus on diseased skin, the second being those who non-diseased skin with pruritus, and the third being those who have secondary skin scratch lesions. [6] The secondary scratch lesions can include abrasions, pimples, bumps, crusts and other lesions that can be ...
Toxicodendron dermatitis lesions are often linear from brushing up against the plant. Causes of the Koebner phenomenon that are secondary to scratching rather than an infective or chemical cause include vitiligo, psoriasis, lichen planus, lichen nitidus, pityriasis rubra pilaris, and keratosis follicularis (Darier disease). [citation needed]
A maculopapular rash is a type of rash characterized by a flat, red area on the skin that is covered with small confluent bumps. It may only appear red in lighter-skinned people. The term "maculopapular" is a compound: macules are small, flat discolored spots on the surface of the skin; and papules are small, raised bumps.