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Only ten glass manufacturers are thought to have been operating in 1800. High-quality glassware was imported from England, and glassmaking knowledge was kept secret. England controlled a key ingredient for producing high–quality glassware and kept its price high—making it difficult for American glass manufacturers to compete price-wise.
Sand, a major raw material for glass, was obtained from near Pittsburgh—but it was low-quality and more suited for window or bottle glass than glassware. [32] Bakewell learned the glass business and worked to solve his factory's problems. The furnace was replaced with a ten-pot version in 1810. [29] Better raw material sources were found, and ...
Boston and Sandwich Glass Co., Metropolitan Museum of Art. 19th century glassmaking in the United States started slowly with less than a dozen glass factories operating. Much of the nation's better quality glass was imported, and English glassmakers had a monopoly on major ingredients for high–quality glass such as good–quality sand and red ...
The Baroque glass pattern was made by Fostoria from 1937 to 1965, and used for stemware and many types of tableware. [74] The Chintz pattern was made from 1940 to 1973. This etching pattern is a drawing of branches leaves and flowers, and was usually on the Baroque glass pattern. [ 75 ]
Bakewell catered to the middle class through offering tableware and day-to-day pieces but also made a market for the upper class buyers through high quality and expensive pieces. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] Bakewell & Co made portraits of Marquis de Lafayette , Andrew Jackson , Quincy Adams , and George Washington in tumblers . [ 3 ]
This meant that American crystal cost more than that made in England because prices for red lead were kept high. [71] Jarves solved the red lead problem in the early 19th century when he developed a way to make red lead using domestic sources. [19] Finally, high quality sand was necessary to make high quality crystal glassware.
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