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The skin is one of the largest organs of the body. In humans, it accounts for about 12 to 15 percent of total body weight and covers 1.5 to 2 m 2 of surface area. [1] 3D still showing human integumentary system. The skin (integument) is a composite organ, made up of at least two major layers of tissue: the epidermis and the dermis. [2]
The final branch which is important for the digestive system is the inferior mesenteric artery, which supplies the regions of the digestive tract derived from the hindgut, which includes the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and the anus above the pectinate line.
The word skin originally only referred to dressed and tanned animal hide and the usual word for human skin was hide. Skin is a borrowing from Old Norse skinn "animal hide, fur", ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *sek-, meaning "to cut" (probably a reference to the fact that in those times animal hide was commonly cut off to be used as garment).
hearing and balance (the ear, which includes the auditory system and vestibular system) smell (the nose) taste (the tongue) The distinction between special and general senses is used to classify nerve fibers running to and from the central nervous system – information from special senses is carried in special somatic afferents and special ...
The acquired immune system, which has been best-studied in mammals, originated in jawed fish approximately 500 million years ago. Most of the molecules, cells, tissues, and associated mechanisms of this system of defense are found in cartilaginous fishes. [38] Lymphocyte receptors, Ig and TCR, are found in all jawed vertebrates. The most ...
Neurology – Medical specialty dealing with disorders of the nervous system; Neuropsychology – Study of the brain related to specific psychological processes and behaviors; Neuroscience – Scientific study of the nervous system – study of development, work and structure of nervous system; Neurypnology – study of hypnotism [citation needed]
The study of human physiology as a medical field originates in classical Greece, at the time of Hippocrates (late 5th century BC). [14] Outside of Western tradition, early forms of physiology or anatomy can be reconstructed as having been present at around the same time in China , [ 15 ] India [ 16 ] and elsewhere.
A series of biochemical events propagates and matures the inflammatory response, involving the local vascular system, the immune system, and various cells in the injured tissue. Prolonged inflammation, known as chronic inflammation , leads to a progressive shift in the type of cells present at the site of inflammation, such as mononuclear cells ...