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Cross bracing between joists or rafters strengthens the members by preventing sideways deflection. This bracing is known by many names such as herringbone strutting, blocking, bridging, and dwanging. Cross bracing on a bridge tower. In construction, cross bracing is a system utilized to reinforce building structures in which diagonal supports ...
A cross-wall is an interior dividing wall of a castle. It may be an external wall dividing, for example, the inner and outer wards, or it may be a wall internal to a building such as the keep. [1] An example of the external variety is the cross-wall dividing the inner bailey of Carmarthen Castle in Wales.
A knee wall is a short wall, typically under three feet (one metre) in height, used to support the rafters in timber roof construction. In his book A Visual Dictionary of Architecture , Francis D. K. Ching defines a knee wall as "a short wall supporting rafters at some intermediate position along their length."
A cavity wall is a type of wall that has an airspace between the outer face and the inner, usually structural, construction. [1] The skins typically are masonry , such as brick or cinder block . Masonry is an absorbent material that can retain rainwater or condensation.
A Bremer wall, or T-wall, is a twelve-foot-tall (3.66 m) portable, steel-reinforced concrete blast wall of the type used for blast protection throughout Iraq and Afghanistan. The Bremer barrier resembles the smaller 3-foot-tall (0.91 m) Jersey barrier, which has been used widely for vehicle traffic control on coalition military bases in Iraq ...
Hide glue is measured on the basis of its gel strength, a measure of how many grams of force it requires to depress a 1 ⁄ 2 in (13 mm) plunger 4 mm (0.16 in) into a 12.5% protein solution of the glue at 10 °C (50 °F). Glue is manufactured in standard grades from 32–512 grams (1.1–18.1 oz). 192-gram (6.8 oz) strength is the most commonly ...
[3] [4] Following the terrorist attacks, a massive operation was launched to clear the site and attempt to find any survivors amongst the rubble. On September 13, 2001, a worker at the site named Frank Silecchia discovered a 20-foot (6.1 m) [5] cross of two steel beams amongst the debris of 6 World Trade Center. [6]