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Pentane is an organic compound with the formula C 5 H 12 —that is, an alkane with five carbon atoms. The term may refer to any of three structural isomers, or to a mixture of them: in the IUPAC nomenclature, however, pentane means exclusively the n-pentane isomer, in which case pentanes refers to a mixture of them; the other two are called isopentane (methylbutane) and neopentane ...
However, the chain of carbon atoms may also be branched at one or more points. The number of possible isomers increases rapidly with the number of carbon atoms. For example, for acyclic alkanes: [3] C 1: methane only; C 2: ethane only; C 3: propane only; C 4: 2 isomers: butane and isobutane; C 5: 3 isomers: pentane, isopentane, and neopentane
It is one of the three structural isomers with the molecular formula C 5 H 12 , the other two being n-pentane and isopentane. Out of these three, it is the only one to be a gas at standard conditions; the others are liquids. It was first synthesized by Russian chemist Mikhail Lvov in 1870. [4]
[2] [3] The term metamer was formerly used for the same concept. [4] For example, butanol H 3 C−(CH 2) 3 −OH, methyl propyl ether H 3 C−(CH 2) 2 −O−CH 3, and diethyl ether (H 3 CCH 2 −) 2 O have the same molecular formula C 4 H 10 O but are three distinct structural isomers. The concept applies also to polyatomic ions with the same ...
In a tetrahedral molecular geometry, a central atom is located at the center with four substituents that are located at the corners of a tetrahedron.The bond angles are arccos(− 1 / 3 ) = 109.4712206...° ≈ 109.5° when all four substituents are the same, as in methane (CH 4) [1] [2] as well as its heavier analogues.
For four atoms bonded together in a chain, the torsional angle is the angle between the plane formed by the first three atoms and the plane formed by the last three atoms. There exists a mathematical relationship among the bond angles for one central atom and four peripheral atoms (labeled 1 through 4) expressed by the following determinant.
The compound with the formula (C 5 H 5) 2 Fe 2 (CO) 4 exists as three isomers in solution. In one isomer the CO ligands are terminal. When a pair of CO are bridging, cis and trans isomers are possible depending on the location of the C 5 H 5 groups. [7] Another example in organometallic chemistry is the linkage isomerization of ...
The differences between cis and trans isomers can be larger if polar bonds are present, as in the 1,2-dichloroethenes. The cis isomer in this case has a boiling point of 60.3 °C, while the trans isomer has a boiling point of 47.5 °C. [6]