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The total volume of the hippocampus is also reduced. [2] The reduced volume arises from neuronal cell loss, and increased signal arises from gliosis. [2] The 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET (18F-FDG) scan may show decreased glucose metabolism in the temporal lobe with hippocampal atrophy. [2]
Cerebral atrophy can be hard to distinguish from hydrocephalus because both cerebral atrophy and hydrocephalus involve an increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume. In cerebral atrophy, this increase in CSF volume comes as a result of the decrease in cortical volume. In hydrocephalus, the increase in volume happens due to the CSF itself. [20]
The hippocampus (pl.: hippocampi; via Latin from Greek ἱππόκαμπος, 'seahorse'), also hippocampus proper, is a major component of the brain of humans and many other vertebrates. In the human brain the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus, and the subiculum are the components of the hippocampal formation located in the limbic system.
As for how exercise helps the brain, researchers hypothesize that it increases hippocampal volume, meaning it makes the part of your brain that deals with memory, learning, and decision making bigger.
encouraging weight loss in people with obesity. ... hippocampal volume, and total brain volume. The researchers controlled for sociodemographic factors, such as age, sex, and education level ...
At times, if a seizure specifically affects the hippocampus, the individual afflicted can encode memory; however, that memory rapidly extinguishes. [8] Accompanying the onset of epilepsies is hippocampal sclerosis, also known as Ammon's horn sclerosis. Individuals afflicted suffer unilateral volume loss, as evidenced by MRI scans. [9]
Hippocampal neurogenesis. In the subgranular zone in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, NSCs differentiate into granule cells. These new granule cells are implicated in memory formation and learning. [3] The number of granule cells generated in the dentate gyrus each month is approximately 6% of the total population of dentate gyrus neurons. [3]
The specific function of the hippocampus, coupled with seasonal changes in their volume, point towards their temporary advantages for spatial memory consolidation. Taken all together, adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus of black-capped chickadees suggest a selective mechanisms for neuronal survival in direct correlation with seasonal food ...