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Guidelines on the choice of agents and how best to step up treatment for various subgroups in hypertension (high blood pressure) have changed over time and differ between countries. A Comparison of International Guidelines on Goal Blood Pressure and Initial Therapy for Adults With Hypertension (adapted from JNC 8 guidelines [ 1 ] )
The European Heart Rhythm Association score of atrial fibrillation (or EHRA score) is a classification system for the extent of atrial fibrillation.It places patients in one of four categories based on how much they are limited during physical activity; the limitations/symptoms are in regard to normal breathing and varying degrees in shortness of breath and/or angina.
Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, dementia, and stroke. [3] [12] It is a type of supraventricular tachycardia. [14] Atrial fibrillation frequently results from bursts of tachycardia that originate in muscle bundles extending from the atrium to the pulmonary veins. [15]
According to the ACC/AHA guidelines, intravenous digoxin (cardiac glycoside) can be used in atrial fibrillation (Afib) to assist heartbeats. [90] In multicenter randomised controlled trials, intravenous digoxin was shown to be effective in controlling the heart rate compared to a placebo. [91] [92]
Advanced cardiac life support, advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) refers to a set of clinical guidelines established by the American Heart Association (AHA) for the urgent and emergent treatment of life-threatening cardiovascular conditions that will cause or have caused cardiac arrest, using advanced medical procedures, medications, and techniques.
In 2003, the AHA and the American Stroke Association created the Get With the Guidelines (GWTG)-Stroke program. [79] It is a voluntary registry that hospitals can use to receive the latest scientific treatment guidelines. [80] The program also collects data on patient characteristics, hospital adherence to guidelines, and patient outcomes. [79]
This population accounts for the bulk of all ICD implants. There are a multitude of guideline indications for ICD use in primary preventions with varying degree of supporting evidence. Periodically, both the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) and European Society of Cardiology provide an update to this guideline.
Published guidelines from the American Society of Echocardiography, American College of Emergency Physicians, European Resuscitation Council, and the American Heart Association, as well as the 2018 preoperative Advanced Cardiac Life Support guidelines, have recognized the potential benefits of using POCUS in diagnosing and managing cardiac arrest.