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Parachute mitral valve (or PMV) is a rare congenital heart disease where the mitral valve only has a single papillary muscle from which all chordae tendineae originate. It is caused by an embryologic failure of papillary muscles to divide into two normally distinct columns, giving the mitral valve orifice and chordea an irregular, parachute ...
Supravalvular mitral membrane (SVMM) Parachute mitral valve; Subaortic stenosis (membranous or muscular) Coarctation of the aorta; Of these four defects, supravalvular mitral membrane (SVMM) is the first to occur and triggers the development of the other three defects. Partial complexes, or forme fruste, have also been described. [1]
Parachute mitral valve occurs when all the chordae tendineae of the mitral valve attach to a single papillary muscle. [9] [10] [11] This causes mitral valve stenosis at an early age. [10] It is a rare congenital heart defect. [11] Although it often causes mitral insufficiency, it may not present any symptoms. [10]
The mitral valve and the tricuspid valve are known as the atrioventricular valves because they lie between the atria and the ventricles. [1] In normal conditions, blood flows through an open mitral valve during diastole with contraction of the left atrium, and the mitral valve closes during systole with contraction of the left ventricle. The ...
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The mitral valve is also called the bicuspid valve because it contains two leaflets or cusps. The mitral valve gets its name from the resemblance to a bishop 's mitre (a type of hat). It is on the left side of the heart and allows the blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle .
The mitral valve opens when the pressure in the left atrium is greater than the pressure in the left ventricle. This happens in ventricular diastole (after closure of the aortic valve), when the pressure in the ventricle precipitously drops. In individuals with mitral stenosis, the pressure in the left atrium correlates with the severity of the ...