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Thionyl chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SOCl 2.It is a moderately volatile, colourless liquid with an unpleasant acrid odour.Thionyl chloride is primarily used as a chlorinating reagent, with approximately 45,000 tonnes (50,000 short tons) per year being produced during the early 1990s, [5] but is occasionally also used as a solvent.
The structure of the thionyl group. The thionyl group is SO, a sulfur atom plus an oxygen atom.. It occurs in compounds such as thionyl fluoride, SOF 2.. Thionyl chloride, SOCl 2, is a common reagent used in organic synthesis to convert carboxylic acids to acyl chlorides.
Thionyl chloride first reacts with the alcohol to form an alkyl chloro sulfite, actually forming an intimate ion pair. The second step is the loss of a sulfur dioxide molecule and its replacement by the chloride, which was attached to the sulphite group.
It is used to convert primary and secondary alcohols into alkyl chlorides, or carboxylic acids into acyl chlorides, although thionyl chloride generally gives better yields than PCl 3. [ 18 ] Safety
The Beckmann rearrangement is often catalyzed by acid; however, other reagents have been known to promote the rearrangement. These include tosyl chloride, thionyl chloride, phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus pentoxide, triethylamine, sodium hydroxide, trimethylsilyl iodide among others. [3]
Dimethyl sulfite is prepared from a 1:2 ratio of thionyl chloride and methanol. [4] The reaction can be catalyzed by tertiary amine bases and likely proceeds via the chlorosulfinate (MeOS(O)Cl), [5] this intermediate will exist only fleetingly in the presence of methanol and as such its decomposition to methyl chloride and sulfur dioxide (via the slower SNi mechanism) is not observed to any ...
NEWARK, Del, Nov. 01, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The thionyl chloride market is expected to reach a value of USD 518.7 million in 2024 and USD 829.9 million by 2034, registering a CAGR of 4.8% from 2024 to 2034.
1 Structure and basic properties. 2 Production. Toggle Production subsection. ... For this application, thionyl chloride is commonly used instead of phosgene.
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