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An inferior dislocation of the shoulder after an automobile accident. Note how the humerus is abducted. Also present is a fracture of the greater tuberosity. Inferior dislocation is the least likely, occurring in less than 1%. This condition is also called luxatio erecta because the arm appears to be permanently held upward or behind the head. [18]
X-ray shoulder showing light bulb sign (left) in posterior shoulder dislocation. The image on the right was taken after reposition. The light bulb sign is a radiological finding observed on plain radiographs in the context of posterior shoulder dislocation. [1]
The mechanism which leads to shoulder dislocation is usually traumatic but can vary, especially if there is history of previous dislocations. Sports, falls, seizures, assaults, throwing, reaching, pulling on the arm, or turning over in bed can all be causes of anterior dislocation. [citation needed]
The Cunningham technique was originally published in 2003 and is an anatomically based method of shoulder reduction that utilizes positioning (analgesic position), voluntary scapular retraction, and bicipital massage. [7] If performed correctly most patients do not require analgesia for the performance of this technique.
Almost all shoulder dislocations are downwards (inferior) and of these, 95 percent are in a forward direction. Clinically this is referred to as an anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint. Not only does the arm appear out of position when the shoulder dislocates, but the dislocation also produces pain.
Both before and after reduction, with lesions labeled. Vector (.svg) version is available. The bony Bankart lesion is new, as evidenced by lack of cortex on the superior part of the fragment, and is presumed to be caused by glenohumeral ligaments pulling the humerus towards the glenoid as the shoulder dislocates, causing a fracture even without significant external forces.
Dislocated shoulder. Anterior shoulder dislocation is the most common type of shoulder dislocation, accounting for at least 90% of shoulder dislocations. [5] [36] Anterior shoulder dislocations have a recurrence rate around 39%, with younger age at initial dislocation, male sex, and joint hyperlaxity being risk factors for increased recurrence ...
Cunningham shoulder reduction was originally published in 2003 [1] and is an anatomically based method of shoulder reduction that utilizes positioning (analgesic position), voluntary scapular retraction, and bicipital massage. It is designed for true anterior/subcoracoid glenohumeral dislocations in patients who can fully adduct their humerus. [2]