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The Duolingo English Test (DET) is a standardized test of the English language designed to be internet-based rather than paper-based. DET is an adaptive test that ...
Duolingo Inc. [b] is an American educational technology company that produces learning apps and provides language certification.Duolingo offers courses on 43 languages, [5] ranging from English, French, and Spanish to less commonly studied languages such as Welsh, Irish, and Navajo, and even constructed languages such as Klingon. [6]
In cell biology, a lymphokine-activated killer cell (also known as a LAK cell) is a white blood cell, consisting mostly of natural killer, natural killer T, and T cells that has been stimulated to kill tumor cells, but because of the function in which they activate, and the cells they can successfully target, they are classified as different than the classical natural killer and T lymphocyte ...
The source of interferon-gamma can be CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, natural killer cells, B cells, natural killer T cells, monocytes, other macrophages, or dendritic cells. [38] Nitric oxide is then released from the macrophage and, because of its toxicity, kills microbes near the macrophage. [ 14 ]
The secondary cell wall, a thick layer formed inside the primary cell wall after the cell is fully grown. It is not found in all cell types. It is not found in all cell types. Some cells, such as the conducting cells in xylem , possess a secondary wall containing lignin , which strengthens and waterproofs the wall.
Some eukaryotic cells (plant cells and fungal cells) also have a cell wall. Inside the cell is the cytoplasmic region that contains the genome (DNA), ribosomes and various sorts of inclusions. [2] The genetic material is freely found in the cytoplasm. Prokaryotes can carry extrachromosomal DNA elements called plasmids, which are usually circular.
Cellular immunity protects the body through: T-cell mediated immunity or T-cell immunity: activating antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells that are able to induce apoptosis in body cells displaying epitopes of foreign antigen on their surface, such as virus-infected cells, cells with intracellular bacteria, and cancer cells displaying tumor antigens;
Found in tissue more commonly than in blood, γδ T cells share characteristics of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and natural killer cells. Natural killer cells are able to kill cells of the body that do not display MHC class I molecules, or display stress markers such as MHC class I polypeptide–related sequence A (MIC-A). Decreased ...