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LEED has evolved since 1998 to more accurately represent and incorporate emerging green building technologies. LEED has developed building programs specific to new construction (NC), core and shell (CS), commercial interiors (CI), existing buildings (EB), neighborhood development (ND), homes (LEED for Homes), retail, schools, and healthcare.
The LEED Green Building Rating System (LEED) is a program that provides third-party verification of green buildings. The LEED program rates commercial buildings, homes, neighborhoods, retail, healthcare, schools, including every phase of the respective building lifecycle, including design, construction, operations, and maintenance.
Though discovered in 1927, low-energy electron diffraction did not become a popular tool for surface analysis until the early 1960s. The main reasons were that monitoring directions and intensities of diffracted beams was a difficult experimental process due to inadequate vacuum techniques and slow detection methods such as a Faraday cup.
Over the years, LEED has undergone many changes and is now currently in its fourth iteration, which was launched in late 2013. [26] Taipei 101, the tallest and largest LEED Platinum certified building in the world since 2011. LEED rating systems differ according to the type of the project. [27] The different types of rating systems fall under: [27]
LEED for Neighborhood Development (LEED-ND), where "LEED" stands for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is a United States–based rating system that integrates the principles of smart growth, urbanism, and green building into a national system for neighborhood design. LEED certification provides independent, third-party ...
For example, the IgCC is focused specifically on construction, whereas LEED covers the entire lifecycle of a building, including its operation and maintenance. Additionally, the IgCC is a model code, which means that it has the force of law in jurisdictions that adopt it, whereas LEED is a voluntary certification program that developers choose ...
The first report issued in 2008 showed that 78% of new projects were built to the LEED silver standard (without actually getting the certification) instead of the 100% required. In addition, there was an 8.4% and 32% reduction in energy use intensity and water use, respectively, and a 35% increase in hazardous waste production.
Buildings aiming at LEED certification can get extra points if the electricity used in that building is EKOenergy certified. The text “LEED 2009 BD+C Supplemental Reference Guide with Alternative Compliance Paths for Europe” [37] gives EKOenergy the same status as Green-e certified RECs in the US. They write: "The EKOenergy electricity ...