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Botox can’t get rid of all long-set wrinkles Botox smooths lines because it relaxes the muscles and stops them from moving dramatically. However, deeper-set lines may still be present, even if ...
Botulinum toxin, or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox), is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. [24] It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction, thus causing flaccid paralysis. [25]
C. botulinum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacterium. [1] It is an obligate anaerobe, the organism survives in an environment that lacks oxygen.However, C. botulinum tolerates traces of oxygen due to the enzyme superoxide dismutase, which is an important antioxidant defense in nearly all cells exposed to oxygen. [7]
Botulinum toxin (botox) may be injected into the lower esophageal sphincter to paralyze the muscles holding it shut. As in the case of cosmetic botox, the effect is only temporary and lasts about 6 months. Botox injections cause scarring in the sphincter which may increase the difficulty of later Heller myotomy.
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Potential side effects of getting preventative Botox at a young age “There are no long-term health concerns with Botox, as it has been FDA-approved for cosmetic reasons for over 20 years ...
For most, the effect will last beyond the first three to six months of direct Botox effect and is most frequently a lifelong cure. [13] A small percentage of patients will require a subsequent injection of Botox for lasting results. [14] An alternative if the injection is unsuccessful is to undergo partial cricopharyngeal myotomy. [15]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 31 January 2025. List of organ systems in the human body Part of a series of lists about Human anatomy General Features Regions Variations Movements Systems Structures Arteries Bones Eponymous Foramina Glands endocrine exocrine Lymphatic vessels Nerves Organs Systems Veins Muscles Abductors Adductors ...