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Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, also called Pachacútec (Quechua: Pachakutiy Inka Yupanki), was the ninth Sapa Inca of the Chiefdom of Cusco, which he transformed into the Inca Empire (Quechua: Tawantinsuyu). Most archaeologists now believe that the famous Inca site of Machu Picchu was built as an estate for Pachacuti. [2]
[5] [6] In addition to Pisac the other royal estates that Pachacuti is considered to have established were Ollantaytambo and Machu Picchu (conquest of the Vilcabamba Valley). [7] The Cuyos had been implicated in a conspiracy to kill Pachacuti, which was put down so ruthlessly that most of the Cuyos were killed. [8]
Statue of the Sapa Inca Pachacuti wearing the Mascapaicha (imperial crown), in the main square of Aguas Calientes, Peru. The Sapa Inca (from Quechua sapa inka; lit. ' the only emperor ') was the monarch of the Inca Empire (Tawantinsuyu "the region of the four [provinces]"), as well as ruler of the earlier Kingdom of Cuzco and the later Neo-Inca State.
Capac Yupanqui was sent by Pachacuti to the central Peruvian coast in order to conquer the Chincha. [3] [4] [5] Years later the Sapa Inka sent his brother to various campaigns to the north of Cusco. [6] During these campaigns he conquered the Cajamarca region, ruled by the chiefdom of Guzmango, accidentally starting a war with Chimor. [7] [8] [1]
' fortress of the royal falcon or hawk ') [1] [2] [3] is a citadel on the northern outskirts of the city of Cusco, Peru, the historic capital of the Inca Empire. The site is at an altitude of 3,701 metres (12,142 ft). The complex was built by the Incas in the 15th century, particularly under Sapa Inca Pachacuti and his successors. [4]
Pachacuti" is an appellation created from pacha, equilibrium, and kuti, an act of overturning; Pachacuti was, therefore, someone whose dynamism and power changed the balance in the world. [4] The Sapa Inca was conceptualized as divine and was effectively head of the state religion. Only the Willaq Umu (or Chief Priest) was second to the emperor.
However the large majority of reliable sources say that Atahualpa was the son of a woman from the panaka of Pachacuti. [13] [7] [14] [15] Therefore, the conflict was most likely a conflict between the panakas. [6] According to the French historian Henri Favre the panaka of Topa Inca was in the Hurin (low) part of Cusco.
Pachacuti decided to name his son, Amaru, as his co-sovereign and successor. [18] However he would display no interest in military affairs. [19] Due to this lack of military capability, Pachacuti was forced to change his decision and to replace Amaru. [20] But before that could happen, the co-sovereign abdicated. [21]