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In mathematics, a Cayley graph, also known as a Cayley color graph, Cayley diagram, group diagram, or color group, [1] is a graph that encodes the abstract structure of a group. Its definition is suggested by Cayley's theorem (named after Arthur Cayley), and uses a specified set of generators for the group.
In mathematics, Cayley's formula is a result in graph theory named after Arthur Cayley. It states that for every positive integer n {\displaystyle n} , the number of trees on n {\displaystyle n} labeled vertices is n n − 2 {\displaystyle n^{n-2}} .
Visualization comparing the sheet and the binary tree Cayley graph of (,). Red and blue edges correspond to a {\displaystyle a} and b {\displaystyle b} , respectively. In the mathematical field of group theory , the Baumslag–Solitar groups are examples of two-generator one-relator groups that play an important role in combinatorial group ...
This is usually done by studying the Cayley graphs of groups, which, in addition to the graph structure, are endowed with the structure of a metric space, given by the so-called word metric. Geometric group theory, as a distinct area, is relatively new, and became a clearly identifiable branch of mathematics in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
Cayley, in his original 1854 paper, [10] showed that the correspondence in the theorem is one-to-one, but he failed to explicitly show it was a homomorphism (and thus an embedding). However, Nummela notes that Cayley made this result known to the mathematical community at the time, thus predating Jordan by 16 years or so.
Thus, the Cayley table of a group is an example of a latin square. An alternative and more succinct proof follows from the cancellation property . This property implies that for each x in the group, the one variable function of y f(x,y)= xy must be a one-to-one map.
Hence, the fundamental group of the Cayley graph Γ(G) is isomorphic to the kernel of φ, the normal subgroup of relations among the generators of G. The extreme case is when G = {e}, the trivial group, considered with as many generators as F, all of them trivial; the Cayley graph Γ(G) is a bouquet of circles, and its fundamental group is F ...
Cayley table as general (and special) linear group GL(2, 2) In mathematics, D 3 (sometimes alternatively denoted by D 6) is the dihedral group of degree 3 and order 6. It equals the symmetric group S 3. It is also the smallest non-abelian group. [1] This page illustrates many group concepts using this group as example.
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