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In the modern era of early revascularization and intensive pharmacotherapy as treatment for MI, the incidence of myocardial rupture is about 1% of all MIs. [6] This may occur in the free walls of the ventricles, the septum between them, the papillary muscles, or less commonly the atria. Rupture occurs because of increased pressure against the ...
Myocardial rupture is a laceration of the ventricles or atria of the heart, of the interatrial or interventricular septum, or of the papillary muscles. It is most commonly seen as a serious sequela of an acute myocardial infarction (heart attack).
Papillary muscle rupture can be caused by a myocardial infarction, and dysfunction can be caused by ischemia. Rarely, blunt chest trauma can be the cause of papillary muscle rupture, resulting from the sudden deceleration or compression of the heart. [4] Complications may lead to worsening of mitral regurgitation. [5]
In acute MR secondary to a mechanical defect in the heart (i.e., rupture of a papillary muscle or chordae tendineae), the treatment of choice is mitral valve surgery. If the patient is hypotensive prior to the surgical procedure, an intra-aortic balloon pump may be placed in order to improve perfusion of the organs and to decrease the degree of MR.
Emergency CABG is usually undertaken to simultaneously treat a mechanical complication, such as a ruptured papillary muscle, or a ventricular septal defect, with ensuing cardiogenic shock. [35] In uncomplicated MI, the mortality rate can be high when the surgery is performed immediately following the infarction. [36]
Myocardial infarction (MI) refers to tissue death of the heart muscle caused by ischemia, the lack of oxygen delivery to myocardial tissue. It is a type of acute coronary syndrome , which describes a sudden or short-term change in symptoms related to blood flow to the heart. [ 22 ]
It may lead to other complications such as arrhythmias, rupture of the papillary muscles of the heart, or sudden death. [4] There are various methods of detecting and assessing CAD. Apart from history and clinical examination, noninvasive methods include electrocardiography (ECG) at rest or during exercise, and X-ray of the chest.
The word infarction means that some area of tissue has died due to a lack of blood flow, and therefore a lack of oxygen. “Myo” refers to the muscle, and “cardial” refers to the heart tissue. So with a heart attack, or MI, you have death of heart muscle cells because of a lack in blood flow, a process called necrosis.