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AutoCAD DXF (Drawing Interchange Format, or Drawing Exchange Format) is a computer-aided design (CAD) data file format developed by Autodesk [2] to enable CAD data exchange and interoperability between AutoCAD on different computing platforms.
The drawing was made 130 years after the bridge was built. A linear scale, also called a bar scale, scale bar, graphic scale, or graphical scale, is a means of visually showing the scale of a map, nautical chart, engineering drawing, or architectural drawing. A scale bar is common element of map layouts.
FORAN system logo. The FORAN system [1] is an integrated CAD/CAM/CAE system developed by SENER for the design and production of practically any naval ship and offshore unit. It is a multidisciplinary and integrated system that can be used in all the ship design and production phases and disciplines.
1:150 1:160: 9 mm (0.354 in) The most popular scale in Japan. For models of Shinkansen high speed trains and other systems using standard gauge track, the international N scale standard ratio of 1:160 is commonly used. TT9: 1:120: 9 mm (0.354 in) Used also in New Zealand. HOn 2 + 1 ⁄ 2: 1:87: 9 mm (0.354 in) Used for 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow ...
The scale can be expressed in four ways: in words (a lexical scale), as a ratio, as a fraction and as a graphical (bar) scale. Thus on an architect's drawing one might read 'one centimeter to one meter', 1:100, 1/100, or 1 / 100 . A bar scale would also normally appear on the drawing. Colon may also be substituted with a specific ...
A graphical or bar scale. A map would also usually give its scale numerically ("1:50,000", for instance, means that one cm on the map represents 50,000cm of real space, which is 500 meters) A bar scale with the nominal scale expressed as "1:600 000", meaning 1 cm on the map corresponds to 600,000 cm=6 km on the ground.
(2) The thermal expansion coefficients of concrete and steel are so close (1.0 × 10 −5 to 1.5 × 10 −5 for concrete and 1.2 × 10 −5 for steel) that the thermal stress-induced damage to the bond between the two components can be prevented. (3) Concrete can protect the embedded steel from corrosion and high-temperature induced softening.
Sketchpad (1963) [5] was the precursor of the computer-aided design programs, it computerized the drawing and allowed setting of parametric relationships between objects via a graphical user interface; DAC-1 (1963-1964) was a CAD-like program developed by General Motors. The first attempts to separate the CAAD from generic CAD were made in the ...