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An example of the potential complexity of grade separation, seen in the Jane Byrne Interchange in Chicago Seven various overpasses for grade separation in Spain near Barcelona Rail-rail grade separation in Xiaoshan, China The concept of grade separation includes all transport modes, such as a simple pedestrian bridge over rail tracks.
In the field of road transport, an interchange (American English) or a grade-separated junction (British English) is a road junction that uses grade separations to allow for the movement of traffic between two or more roadways or highways, using a system of interconnecting roadways to permit traffic on at least one of the routes to pass through ...
A directional interchange is a grade separated junction between two roads where all turns that require crossing over or under the opposite road's lanes of travel to complete the turn utilize ramps that make a direct or semi-direct connection. The difference between direct and semi-direct connections is how much the motorist deviates from the ...
A free-flow interchange is an interchange in which all roads are grade-separated, and where movement from one road to another does not require the driver to stop for traffic (for example, the interchange may not include traffic lights or unsignalized at-grade intersections).
I-476 does not have a direct interchange with I-78 in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, though there is an indirect connection via US 22 and PA 309. Additionally, while it connects directly to I-80, the freeway-grade is disrupted when the ramps intersect PA 940. I-81 connects to I-76 via US 11 at-grade roads in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
A fly-over designed CFI interchange (separated grade) was invented by Francisco Mier. An intersection (at-grade) variant followed. Over 40 have been implemented since 2000. Mier patented his design and required a fee to obtain a license to the design. [2] The patent expired in the United States on 15 October 2003. [3]
Fretin triangle in France: Each side is more than 3 km (2 mi) long. A grade-separated wye. TGV and Eurostar trains cross the junction at 300 km/h (186 mph).. Simple flying junctions may have a single track pass over or under other tracks to avoid conflict; complex flying junctions may have elaborate infrastructure to allow multiple routings without trains coming into conflict, in the manner of ...
A grade-separated junction is a transport junction where at least one bridge or tunnel is used to separate traffic flows (known as grade separation). Relevant articles include: Road interchanges, known as grade-separated junctions in the UK; A flying junction, a type of grade-separated junction found on railway lines