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The compressibility factor is defined as = where p is the pressure of the gas, T is its temperature, and is its molar volume, all measured independently of one another. In the case of an ideal gas, the compressibility factor Z is equal to unity, and the familiar ideal gas law is recovered:
In thermodynamics, the compressibility factor (Z), also known as the compression factor or the gas deviation factor, describes the deviation of a real gas from ideal gas behaviour. It is simply defined as the ratio of the molar volume of a gas to the molar volume of an ideal gas at the same temperature and pressure .
According to van der Waals, the theorem of corresponding states (or principle/law of corresponding states) indicates that all fluids, when compared at the same reduced temperature and reduced pressure, have approximately the same compressibility factor and all deviate from ideal gas behavior to about the same degree. [1] [2]
The virial expansion is a model of thermodynamic equations of state.It expresses the pressure P of a gas in local equilibrium as a power series of the density.This equation may be represented in terms of the compressibility factor, Z, as = + + + This equation was first proposed by Kamerlingh Onnes. [1]
The largest and the lowest solution are the gas and liquid reduced volume. In this situation, the Maxwell construction is sometimes used to model the pressure as a function of molar volume. The compressibility factor = / is often used to characterize non-ideal behavior. For the van der Waals equation in reduced form, this becomes
Dimensionless numbers (or characteristic numbers) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of fluids and their flow as well as in other transport phenomena. [1] They include the Reynolds and the Mach numbers, which describe as ratios the relative magnitude of fluid and physical system characteristics, such as density, viscosity, speed of sound, and flow speed.
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The compressibility factor is a dimensionless quantity which is equal to 1 for ideal gases and deviates from unity for increasing levels of non-ideality. [ 9 ] Several non-ideal models exist, from the simplest cubic equations of state (such as the Van der Waals [ 4 ] [ 10 ] and the Peng-Robinson [ 11 ] models) up to complex multi-parameter ones ...