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Borderline intellectual functioning, previously called borderline mental retardation (in the ICD-8), [1] is a categorization of intelligence wherein a person has below average cognitive ability (generally an IQ of 70–85), [2] but the deficit is not as severe as intellectual disability (below 70). It is sometimes called below average IQ (BAIQ).
The name of the disorder, particularly the suitability of the term borderline, is a subject of ongoing debate. Initially, the term reflected historical ideas of borderline insanity and later described patients on the border between neurosis and psychosis. These interpretations are now regarded as outdated and clinically imprecise. [8] [33]
Intellectual functioning refers to the "general mental ability that includes reasoning, planning, problem solving, abstract thinking, comprehending complex ideas, learning quickly and learning from experience". Significantly limited or impaired intellectual functioning characterizes intellectual disabilities. [1] [2]
In Vietnamese secondary education, high schools for the gifted or specialized high schools (trường trung học phổ thông chuyên or trường THPT chuyên) are designated public schools for secondary students to express gifted potentials in natural sciences, social sciences, and/or foreign languages.
Historically, terms for intellectual disability eventually became perceived as an insult, in a process commonly known as the euphemism treadmill. [ 80 ] [ 81 ] [ 82 ] The terms mental retardation and mentally retarded became popular in the middle of the 20th century to replace the previous set of terms, which included " imbecile ", "idiot ...
This is a list of mental disorders as defined in the DSM-IV, the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.Published by the American Psychiatry Association (APA), it was released in May 1994, [1] superseding the DSM-III-R (1987).
3 Mentioning socio economic status being often “unachieved” by those with borderline functioning.
According to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , published in 1994, a mental disorder is a psychological syndrome or pattern that is associated with distress (e.g., via a painful symptom), disability (impairment in one or more important areas of functioning), increased risk of death, or causes a ...