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  2. Dysmenorrhea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysmenorrhea

    Symptoms of dysmenorrhea often begin immediately after ovulation and can last until the end of menstruation. This is because dysmenorrhea is often associated with changes in hormonal levels in the body that occur with ovulation. In particular, prostaglandins induce abdominal contractions that can cause pain and gastrointestinal symptoms.

  3. Menstrual leave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstrual_leave

    Menstrual leave is a type of leave where a person may have the option to take paid or unpaid leave from their employment if they are menstruating and are unable to go to work because of this. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Throughout its history, menstrual leave has been associated with controversy and discrimination against men, with very few countries enacting ...

  4. Amenorrhea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenorrhea

    Amenorrhea or amenorrhoea is the absence of a menstrual period in a female who has reached reproductive age. [1] Physiological states of amenorrhoea are most commonly seen during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding).

  5. Menstruation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstruation

    Diagram illustrating how the uterus lining builds up and breaks down during the menstrual cycle Menstruation (also known as a period, among other colloquial terms) is the regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina. The menstrual cycle is characterized by the rise and fall of hormones. Menstruation is triggered by falling progesterone ...

  6. Premenstrual syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome

    Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a disruptive set of emotional and physical symptoms that regularly occur in the one to two weeks before the start of each menstrual period. [4] [5] Symptoms resolve around the time menstrual bleeding begins. [4]

  7. Heavy menstrual bleeding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_menstrual_bleeding

    Initial evaluation during diagnosis aims at determining pregnancy status, menopausal status, and the source of bleeding. One definition for diagnosing the condition is bleeding lasting more than 7 days or the loss of more than 80 mL of blood heavy flow. [3] Treatment depends on the cause, severity, and interference with quality of life. [4]

  8. Culture and menstruation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_and_menstruation

    Menstruation in synchrony with the moon is widely assumed in myths and traditions as a ritual ideal. [12] [13] The idea that menstruation is—or ideally ought to be—in harmony with wider cosmic rhythms is one of the most tenacious ideas central to the myths and rituals of traditional communities across the world.

  9. Excuse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excuse

    Justification and excuse are different defenses in a criminal case (See Justification and excuse). [1] Exculpation is a related concept which reduces or extinguishes a person's culpability , such as their liability to pay compensation to the victim of a tort in the civil law .