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Rhizopus microsporus causes rice seedling blight and is a severe crop disease in Asia. [15] In addition, R. microsporus significantly affects sunflower yield in terms of both (oil) quality and quantity. The free fatty acid content of sunflower oil increases from 0.8% to 19.4%.
Rhizomucor pusillus belongs to the order Mucorales and the class Mucoromycetes. R. pusillus is a member of the phylum Mucoromycota (previously Zygomycota), which includes Rhizopus microsporus, R. oligosporus, and R. oryzae, fungi that have been used for centuries to produce tempeh from the fermentation of soybeans. [3]
Rhizopus oligosporus is a fungus of the family Mucoraceae and is a widely used starter culture for the production of tempeh at home and industrially. As the mold grows it produces fluffy, white mycelia , binding the beans together to create an edible "cake" of partly catabolized soybeans .
Rhizopus oligosporus is used to make tempeh, a fermented food derived from soybeans. Rhizopus oryzae is used in the production of alcoholic beverages in parts of Asia and Africa. Rhizopus stolonifer (black bread mold) causes fruit rot on strawberry, tomato, and Sweet potato and is used in commercial production of fumaric acid and cortisone.
It includes a diverse group of various molds, including the common bread molds Mucor and Rhizopus. [2] It is a sister phylum to Dikarya. [3] [4] Informally known as zygomycetes I, Mucoromycota includes Mucoromycotina, Mortierellomycotina, and Glomeromycotina, and consists of mainly mycorrhizal fungi, root endophytes, and plant decomposers. [3]
Fungal-bacterial endosymbiosis encompasses the mutualistic relationship between a fungus and intracellular bacteria species residing within the fungus. Many examples of endosymbiotic relationships between bacteria and plants, algae and insects exist and have been well characterized, however fungal-bacteria endosymbiosis has been less well described.
Rhizoxin is biosynthesised by Paraburkholderia rhizoxinica, a bacterial endosymbiont of the fungus Rhizopus microsporus. [3] It is one of a large group of rhizoxin-like compounds produced by the bacteria. [4] The bacterial endosymbiont can be grown independently in culture.
Rhizopus oryzae is a filamentous heterothallic microfungus that occurs as a saprotroph in soil, dung, and rotting vegetation. This species is very similar to Rhizopus stolonifer , but it can be distinguished by its smaller sporangia and air-dispersed sporangiospores.