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The reiterative nature of the cerebral cortex, in the sense that it is a vast array of repeating functional circuits, led to the idea that cortical evolution is governed by mechanisms regulating the addition of cortical columns, enabling additional functional areas to become specialized and incorporated into the brain.
Percolation (from the Latin word percolatio, meaning filtration [1]) is a theoretical model used to understand the way activation and diffusion of neural activity occurs within neural networks. [2] Percolation is a model used to explain how neural activity is transmitted across the various connections within the brain.
As early as the 1860s, with the work of Hermann Helmholtz in experimental psychology, the brain's ability to extract perceptual information from sensory data was modeled in terms of probabilistic estimation. [5] [6] The basic idea is that the nervous system needs to organize sensory data into an accurate internal model of the outside world.
In the field of computational neuroscience, brain simulation is the concept of creating a functioning computer model of a brain or part of a brain. [1] Brain simulation projects intend to contribute to a complete understanding of the brain, and eventually also assist the process of treating and diagnosing brain diseases .
The basic idea at the core of the soliton model is the balancing of intrinsic dispersion of the two dimensional sound waves in the membrane by nonlinear elastic properties near a phase transition. The initial impulse can acquire a stable shape under such circumstances, in general known as a solitary wave. [12]
Given the complex structure of the human brain, measures that can represent the small-world properties of the brain network are of great importance since it simplifies the systems and becomes decipherable. Graph theoretical approaches have set up a mathematical framework to model the pairwise communications between elements of a network. [13]
Discussion on the brain's criticality have been done since 1950, with the paper on the imitation game for a Turing test. [9] In 1995, Andreas V. Herz and John Hopfield noted that self-organized criticality (SOC) models for earthquakes were mathematically equivalent to networks of integrate-and-fire neurons, and speculated that perhaps SOC would occur in the brain. [10]
The Dehaene–Changeux model contributed to the study of nonlinearity and self-organized criticality in particular as an explanatory model of the brain's emergent behaviors, including consciousness. Studying the brain's phase-locking and large-scale synchronization, Kitzbichler et al. (2011a) confirmed that criticality is a property of human ...