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Stable introverts (phlegmatic qualities such as calm, even-tempered, reliable, controlled, peaceful, thoughtful, careful, passive) Unstable introverts (melancholic qualities such as quiet, reserved, pessimistic, sober, rigid, anxious, moody) Further research demonstrated the need for a third category of temperament: [3]
Indeed, there was more within-person variability than between-person variability in extraverted behaviors. The key feature that distinguishes extraverts and introverts was that extraverts tend to act moderately extraverted about 5–10% more often than introverts. From this perspective, extraverts and introverts are not "fundamentally different".
Introverts appear to be less responsive than extroverts to dopamine (a brain chemical linked to reward-driven learning), and have a more circumspect and cautious approach to risk than do extroverts. [3] Introverts are more governed by the neocortex, the part of the brain responsible for thinking, planning, language and decision making. [12]
A chart with descriptions of each Myers–Briggs personality type and the four dichotomies central to the theory. The Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a self-report questionnaire that makes pseudoscientific claims [6] to categorize individuals into 16 distinct "psychological types" or "personality types".
Neuropsychological tests are designed to assess behaviors that are linked to brain structure and function. An examiner, following strict pre-set procedures, administers the test to a single person in a quiet room largely free of distractions. [1] An example of a widely-used neuropsychological test is the Stroop test.
Quiet Power: The Secret Strengths of Introverts is a 2016 non-fiction book written by Susan Cain with Gregory Mone and Erica Moroz, and illustrated by Grant Snider. Quiet Power is an adaptation for children and teens, and for their educators and parents, of Cain's 2012 adult-audience book Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't ...
Psychological Types (German: Psychologische Typen) is a book by Carl Jung that was originally published in German by Rascher Verlag in 1921, [1] and translated into English in 1923, becoming volume 6 of The Collected Works of C. G. Jung.
In psychology and sociology, socionics is a pseudoscientific [11] theory of information processing and personality types.It incorporates Carl Jung's work on Psychological Types with Antoni Kępiński's theory of information metabolism.