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Lissencephaly (/ ˌ l ɪ s. ɛ n ˈ s ɛ f. ə l. i /, meaning 'smooth brain') [1] is a set of rare brain disorders whereby the whole or parts of the surface of the brain appear smooth. [2] It is caused by defective neuronal migration during the 12th to 24th weeks of gestation , resulting in a lack of development of brain folds ( gyri ) and ...
Wolfram Syndrome Type 2 (WFS2) is a subtype of Wolfram Syndrome caused by a mutation in the CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 2 gene (CISD2 gene). CISD2 is a protein coding gene that is primarily found on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), though some studies have shown that it can also be localized in the mitochondrial outer membrane.
GLUT1 deficiency syndrome, also known as GLUT1-DS, De Vivo disease or Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome, is an autosomal dominant genetic metabolic disorder associated with a deficiency of GLUT1, the protein that transports glucose across the blood brain barrier. [1]
Leukodystrophy is characterized by specific symptoms, including decreased motor function, muscle rigidity, and eventual degeneration of sight and hearing. While the disease is fatal, the age of onset is a key factor, as infants have a typical life expectancy of 2–8 years, while adults typically live more than a decade after onset.
The brain can be affected in several ways in this syndrome. Some children are born with structural brain anomalies such as cortical dysplasia or polymicrogyria. While developmental delay is nearly universal in this syndrome it is variable in severity, with the majority having mild to moderate delays and a minority having severe cognitive ...
The mortality rate of early infantile Krabbe disease is 90% before the age of two. Later onset of symptoms is associated with longer life expectancy, with older children generally surviving two to seven years after the initial diagnosis. [22] Krabbe disease occurs in about one in 100,000 births. [23]
Wernicke encephalopathy (WE), also Wernicke's encephalopathy, [1] or wet brain is the presence of neurological symptoms caused by biochemical lesions of the central nervous system after exhaustion of B-vitamin reserves, in particular thiamine (vitamin B 1). [2]
Over time, affected children experience mental impairment, worsening seizures and progressive loss of sight, speech and motor skills. Batten disease is a terminal disease; life expectancy varies depending on the type or variation. [7] [8] Females with juvenile Batten disease show first symptoms a year later than males, but on average die a year ...