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A bughole (or pinhole) is a small hole in the surface of a concrete structure caused by the expansion and eventual outgassing of trapped pockets of air in setting concrete. [1] [2] [3] Bugholes are undesirable, as they may compromise the structural integrity of concrete emplacements.
Putlogs may be sawn off flush with the wall if they cannot be removed, [5] but exterior putlog holes are typically filled in as the scaffold is removed to prevent water from entering the walls. Interior putlog holes may be left open, particularly if not in a finished space. The inconsequential size and the spacing of the holes meant that they ...
The cage is then lowered into the hole and the concrete is placed. Steel CSL tubes are preferred over PVC tubes because studies have shown that PVC tubes tend to debond from the concrete due to the heat of hydration process of concrete, resulting in erratic CSL test results. [1] [2] The tubes are filled with water as an intermediate medium.
If these walls are inadequate they may crumble under the stress of an earthquake's induced ground motion. One form of retrofit is to drill numerous holes into the surface of the wall, and secure short L-shaped sections of rebar to the surface of each hole with epoxy adhesive. Additional vertical and horizontal rebar is then secured to the new ...
Flashing systems in cavity walls are typically located close to the base of the wall, so that it will collect the water that goes down the wall. Weep holes are drainage holes left in the exterior wall of the cavity wall, to provide an exit way for water in the cavity. Expansion and control joints do not have to be aligned in cavity walls.
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Precast concrete is a construction product produced by casting concrete in a reusable mold or "form" which is then cured in a controlled environment, transported to the construction site and maneuvered into place; examples include precast beams, and wall panels, floors, roofs, and piles.
Material Removal: Introducing auxiliary holes in the high stress region to create a more gradual transition. The size and position of these holes must be optimized. [13] [14] Known as crack tip blunting, a counter-intuitive example of reducing one of the worst types of stress concentrations, a crack, is to drill a large hole at the end of the ...
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