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Urim (אוּרִים ) traditionally has been taken to derive from a root meaning "lights"; these derivations are reflected in the Neqqudot of the Masoretic Text. [3] In consequence, Urim and Thummim has traditionally been translated as "lights and perfections" (by Theodotion, for example), or, by taking the phrase allegorically, as meaning "revelation and truth" or "doctrine and truth."
The earliest source that expands the term "Urim and Thummim" outside the biblical context is a reverse association William W. Phelps made on Hosea 3:4 in July 1832, stating that the children of Israel "were even to do without the Teraphim, [Urim & Thummim, perhaps] or sacred spectacles or declarers."
There was no reference to the Urim and Thummim in the headings of the Book of Commandments (1833) or in the headings of the only editions of the Doctrine and Covenants prepared during Smith's life." [ 40 ] Early Mormons often referred to Smith's seer stone as "the Urim and Thummim," and Quinn refers to the term "Urim and Thummim" as a ...
In 1900 Muss-Arnolt published an article positing a Babylonian origin for the words Urim and Thummim in the Hebrew Bible. This article originally appeared in the American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures and was thereafter published separately by the University of Chicago Press. [6]
During the earliest phase of translation, Smith said he used what he called Urim and Thummim, two stones set in a frame like a set of large spectacles. [104] Witnesses said Smith placed the Urim and Thummim in his hat while he was translating.
Resh Lakish read the words of 2 Samuel 21:1, "And David sought the presence of the Lord," to report that David inquired through the Urim and Thummim. [75] The Mishnah reported that with the death of the former prophets, the Urim and Thummim ceased. [76] In this connection, the Gemara reported differing views of who the former prophets were.
Urim and Thummim" (Hebrew: האורים והתומים) is a phrase found in the Hebrew Bible. Urim may also refer to: Ur, an ancient Sumerian city-state; Urim, Iran; Urim, Israel; Urim and Thummim (Latter Day Saints) Urim language, spoken in Papua New Guinea; Urim Publications, an Israeli Jewish publisher
The Hebrew words Urim and Thummim are used due to a belief among scholars at the time that "Light and Truth" was an adequate translation for these words. [2] According to the Hebrew Bible, the priests used tools called the Urim and Thummim to discern the will of God.