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  2. Discourse on the Method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse_on_the_Method

    Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting One's Reason and of Seeking Truth in the Sciences (French: Discours de la Méthode pour bien conduire sa raison, et chercher la vérité dans les sciences) is a philosophical and autobiographical treatise published by René Descartes in 1637.

  3. Cogito, ergo sum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogito,_ergo_sum

    The Latin cogito, ergo sum, usually translated into English as "I think, therefore I am", [a] is the "first principle" of René Descartes's philosophy. He originally published it in French as je pense, donc je suis in his 1637 Discourse on the Method, so as to reach a wider audience than Latin would have allowed. [1]

  4. Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occasional_Discourse_on...

    "Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question" is an essay by the Scottish essayist Thomas Carlyle. It was first published anonymously in Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country of London in December 1849, [ 1 ] and was revised and reprinted in 1853 as a pamphlet entitled " Occasional Discourse on the Nigger Question ". [ 2 ]

  5. Rules for the Direction of the Mind - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_for_the_Direction_of...

    Rule I: The aim of our studies must be the direction of our mind so that it may form solid and true judgments on whatever matters arise. [5] [6]II: We must occupy ourselves only with those objects that our intellectual powers appear competent to know certainly and indubitably.

  6. Communicative rationality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicative_rationality

    This view of reason is concerned with clarifying the norms and procedures by which agreement can be reached, and is therefore a view of reason as a form of public justification. According to the theory of communicative rationality, the potential for certain kinds of reason is inherent in communication itself. Building from this, Habermas has ...

  7. The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Philosophical...

    The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: Twelve Lectures (German: Der Philosophische Diskurs der Moderne: Zwölf Vorlesungen) is a 1985 book by the philosopher Jürgen Habermas, in which the author reconstructs and deals in depth with a number of philosophical approaches to the critique of modern reason and the Enlightenment "project" since Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Friedrich ...

  8. Principle of sufficient reason - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_sufficient_reason

    The modern [1] formulation of the principle is usually ascribed to early Enlightenment philosopher Gottfried Leibniz.Leibniz formulated it, but was not an originator. [2] The idea was conceived of and utilized by various philosophers who preceded him, including Anaximander, [3] Parmenides, Archimedes, [4] Plato and Aristotle, [5] Cicero, [5] Avicenna, [6] Thomas Aquinas, and Spinoza. [7]

  9. File:Reason, religion and revelation.pdf - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Reason,_religion_and...

    This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file.