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Equol (4',7-isoflavandiol) is an isoflavandiol [1] estrogen metabolized from daidzein, a type of isoflavone found in soybeans and other plant sources, by bacterial flora in the intestines. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] While endogenous estrogenic hormones such as estradiol are steroids , equol is a nonsteroidal estrogen .
The consumption of isoflavones-rich food or dietary supplements is under preliminary research for its potential association with lower rates of postmenopausal cancer and osteoporosis in women. [ 1 ] [ 4 ] [ 13 ] Use of soy isoflavone dietary supplements may be associated with reduction of hot flashes in postmenopausal women.
The developing nervous system of the fetus is particularly vulnerable to lead toxicity. Neurological toxicity is observed in children of exposed women as a result of the ability of lead to cross the placental barrier. A special concern for pregnant women is that some of the bone lead accumulation is released into the blood during pregnancy.
It is unclear if phytoestrogens have any effect on male physiology, with conflicting results about the potential effects of isoflavones originating from soy. [1] Some studies showed that isoflavone supplementation had a positive effect on sperm concentration, count, or motility , and increased ejaculate volume.
Genistein may act as direct antioxidant, similar to many other isoflavones, and thus may alleviate damaging effects of free radicals in tissues. [24] [25] The same molecule of genistein, similar to many other isoflavones, by generation of free radicals poison topoisomerase II, an enzyme important for maintaining DNA stability. [26] [27] [28]
Canned soy milk. Soy allergy is a type of food allergy. [1] It is a hypersensitivity to ingesting compounds in soy (Glycine max), causing an overreaction of the immune system, typically with physical symptoms, such as gastrointestinal discomfort, respiratory distress, or a skin reaction.
A high-risk pregnancy is a pregnancy where the mother or the fetus has an increased risk of adverse outcomes compared to uncomplicated pregnancies. No concrete guidelines currently exist for distinguishing “high-risk” pregnancies from “low-risk” pregnancies; however, there are certain studied conditions that have been shown to put the mother or fetus at a higher risk of poor outcomes. [1]
In enzymology, an isoflavone 4'-O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.46) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction S-adenosyl-L-methionine + an isoflavone ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a 4'-O-methylisoflavone