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Cloture (UK: US: / ˈ k l oʊ tʃ ər /, [1] [2] also UK: / ˈ k l oʊ tj ʊər /), [3] closure [4] or, informally, a guillotine, [4] is a motion or process in parliamentary procedure aimed at bringing debate to a quick end. The cloture procedure originated in the French National Assembly, from which the name is taken. Clôture is French for ...
In the United States House of Representatives, the previous question originally served the same purpose as it did in the English Parliament. [2] In the 1800s, the House of Representatives altered the rules governing the way the previous question could be used: in 1805, it was rendered undebatable, and in 1841, the fraction of votes needed to pass it was lowered from 2/3 to 1/2, allowing for it ...
Closure is ubiquitous, being found in groups all over the world at all sizes and classes. Some examples of social closure include, “Access to private schools follows explicit rules and depends on financial capacities; access to university depends on a certificate or diploma, eventually from certain schools only; membership in a highly ...
Closure or cloture, a motion in parliamentary procedure to bring debate to a quick end Closure (business) , the process by which an organization ceases operations Closure (atmospheric science) , a type of experiment in aerosol and cloud studies
In the United States Senate, the nuclear option is a parliamentary procedure that allows the Senate to override a standing rule by a simple majority, avoiding the two-thirds [1] supermajority normally required to invoke cloture on a measure amending the Standing Rules.
Epistemic closure [1] is a property of some belief systems. It is the principle that if a subject S {\displaystyle S} knows p {\displaystyle p} , and S {\displaystyle S} knows that p {\displaystyle p} entails q {\displaystyle q} , then S {\displaystyle S} can thereby come to know q {\displaystyle q} .
Only a small number of supermajority requirements were explicitly included in the original United States Constitution, including conviction on impeachment (two-thirds of senators present), [6] agreeing to a resolution of advice and consent to ratification of a treaty (two-thirds of senators present), [7] expelling a member of Congress (two-thirds of members voting in the house in question), [8 ...
Law of Closure. The principle of closure refers to the mind's tendency to see complete figures or forms even if a picture is incomplete, partially hidden by other objects, or if part of the information needed to make a complete picture in the minds is missing. For example, if part of a shape's border is missing people still tend to see the ...