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Since being conquered by Castile in 1512–21, Navarre (and to a lesser extent areas of the Basque Country) suffered numerous inquisitorial processes, mainly against Jews and Muslims, but occasionally also against Basque sorginak. Particularly important was the 1610 process of Logroño that focused on the akelarre of Zugarramurdi.
Francisco de Goya's Witches Sabbath, 1798. The Basque witch trials of the seventeenth century represent the last attempt at rooting out supposed witchcraft from Navarre by the Spanish Inquisition, after a series of episodes erupted during the sixteenth century following the end of military operations in the conquest of Iberian Navarre, until 1524.
The Chabola de la Hechicera (Spanish for 'The Witch's Hut', Basque: Sorginaren Txabola) is a dolmen in Elvillar, Álava, in the Basque Country of Spain. Three large vertical stones support a large horizontal flat stone. Nine large stones form a chamber in a polygonal shape. The corridor is flanked by five stones and divided into two sections.
Witches' Sabbath (1798), by Francisco Goya. Akelarre is a Basque term meaning Witches' Sabbath (a gathering of those practicing witchcraft). Akerra means male goat in the Basque language. Witches' sabbaths were envisioned as presided over by a goat. The word has been loaned to Castilian Spanish (which uses the spelling Aquelarre).
Those present in the meetings used to call the caves from this field, because in it, a big black he-goat used to graze (called Akerbeltz in Basque). It is said the he-goat turned into a human when the witches gathered, so it is thought the goat was the devil itself. This is why Zugarramurdi is often called “The Cathedral of the Devil”.
With these data faithfully and rigorously collected, he published his works and articles on Basque mythology. Basque paleontography (1921) Basque mythology (1924) Primitive man in the Basque Country (1934) Anthropology of the Basque population (1947) Basque culture (1977) General history of the Basque Country (1980) Witchcraft and witches (1984)
The Labourd witch-hunt of 1609 took place in Labourd, French Basque Country, in 1609. The investigation was managed by Pierre de Lancre on the order of King Henry IV of France and III of Navarre . It resulted in the execution of 70 people. 600 were actually executed per page 369 of "century of book of facts" standard edition 1908.
There is now a Museum of Witchcraft to remember this famous Court case, carried out at Logroño, Rioja, Spain. Night celebrations seem to be on August 18. Gustav Henningsen, The Witches' Advocate: Basque Witchcraft and the Spanish Inquisition (1609–1614), Nevada, (1980).