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The Thirtieth of September Movement (Indonesian: Gerakan 30 September, also known as G30S, and by the syllabic abbreviation Gestapu for Gerakan September Tiga Puluh, Thirtieth of September Movement, also unofficially called Gestok, for Gerakan Satu Oktober, or First of October Movement) was a self-proclaimed organization of Indonesian National Armed Forces members.
The well down which the generals' bodies were dumped, 2013. Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI was based on the version of the story endorsed by Suharto's New Order government, in which the 30 September Movement (Gerakan 30 September, or G30S) coup was allegedly orchestrated by the Communist Party of Indonesia (Partai Komunis Indonesia, or PKI).
Although the PKI supported Sukarno, it retained its political autonomy; in March 1960, the party denounced the president's undemocratic handling of the budget. On 8 July of that year, Harian Rakyat carried an article critical of the government. The PKI leadership was arrested by the army, but was later released in accordance with Sukarno's orders.
S. Parman on a 1966 stamp. Lieutenant General Siswondo Parman [1] (4 August 1918 – 1 October 1965) or more popularly known such as in streets name as S. Parman, was a soldier in the Indonesian Army, and was kidnapped from his home in Jakarta by members of the 30 September Movement in the early hours of October 1.
On 8 October, the PKI head office was ransacked and burned to the ground while firefighters stood by idly. [19] They then marched demanding the dissolution of the Communist Party. The homes of senior party figures, including PKI chairman D. N. Aidit, M. H. Lukman and Nyoto were also torched.
Kamaruzaman Sjam (30 April 1924 – 30 September 1986), also known as Kamarusaman bin Achmad Mubaidah and Sjam, was a key member of the Communist Party of Indonesia who was executed for his part in the 1965 coup attempt known as the 30 September Movement.
When the PKI supported unilateral land seizures, local PNI members attacked the PKI. [30] Hadisubeno Sosrowerdojo, the final PNI chairman. On 30 September 1965, a coup attempt took place that was subsequently blamed on the PKI. In the aftermath of this, the PNI, which was seen as a PKI-collaborator, faced strong pressure from the army to purge ...
There was no disguise associated with PKI membership, and most suspects were easy to identify within communities. [65] The U.S. Embassy in Jakarta supplied the Indonesian military with lists of up to 5,000 suspected communists. [33] [35] [36] Although some PKI branches organised resistance and reprisal killings, most went passively to their ...