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  2. OSI model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model

    The application layer is the layer of the OSI model that is closest to the end user, which means both the OSI application layer and the user interact directly with a software application that implements a component of communication between the client and server, such as File Explorer and Microsoft Word.

  3. Application layer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_layer

    An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared communication protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network. [1] An application layer abstraction is specified in both the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and the OSI model. [2]

  4. List of network protocols (OSI model) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_network_protocols...

    This layer, presentation Layer and application layer are combined in TCP/IP model. 9P Distributed file system protocol developed originally as part of Plan 9; ADSP AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol; ASP AppleTalk Session Protocol; H.245 Call Control Protocol for Multimedia Communications; iSNS Internet Storage Name Service

  5. OSI protocols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_protocols

    OSI model Layer Protocol data unit (PDU) Function [3] Host layers 7 Application: Data: High-level protocols such as for resource sharing or remote file access, e.g. HTTP. 6 Presentation: Translation of data between a networking service and an application; including character encoding, data compression and encryption/decryption: 5 Session

  6. Layer 8 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layer_8

    The OSI model is a 7-layer abstract model that describes an architecture of data communications for networked computers. The layers build upon each other, allowing for the abstraction of specific functions in each one. The top (7th) layer is the Application Layer describing methods and protocols of software applications. It is then held that ...

  7. Internet protocol suite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite

    The application layer in the TCP/IP model is often compared to a combination of the fifth (session), sixth (presentation), and seventh (application) layers of the OSI model. Application layer protocols are often associated with particular client–server applications, and common services have well-known port numbers reserved by the Internet ...

  8. Protocol data unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_data_unit

    Protocol data units of the OSI model are: [1] The Layer 4: transport layer PDU is the segment or the datagram. The Layer 3: network layer PDU is the packet. The Layer 2: data link layer PDU is the frame. The Layer 1: physical layer PDU is the bit or, more generally, symbol.

  9. Network architecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_architecture

    The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) defines and codifies the concept of layered network architecture. Abstraction layers are used to subdivide a communications system further into smaller manageable parts. A layer is a collection of similar functions that provide services to the layer above it and receives services from the layer ...