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A nabothian cyst (or nabothian follicle) [1] is a mucus-filled cyst on the surface of the cervix. They are most often caused when stratified squamous epithelium of the ectocervix (portion nearest to the vagina) grows over the simple columnar epithelium of the endocervix (portion nearest to the uterus). This tissue growth can block the cervical ...
There are no specific symptoms of CIN alone. Generally, signs and symptoms of cervical cancer include: [7] abnormal or post-menopausal bleeding; abnormal discharge; changes in bladder or bowel function; pelvic pain on examination; abnormal appearance or palpation of cervix. HPV infection of the vulva and vagina can cause genital warts or be ...
Cervical stenosis may be present from birth or may be caused by other factors: Surgical procedures performed on the cervix such as colposcopy, cone biopsy, or a cryosurgery procedure [3] Trauma to the cervix [3] Repeated vaginal infections [3] Atrophy of the cervix after menopause [3] Cervical cancer [1] Radiation [1] Cervical nabothian cysts
In 2008, cervical cancer was the third-most common cancer in women worldwide, with rates varying geographically from less than one to more than 50 cases per 100,000 women. [ needs update ] [ 42 ] It is a leading cause of cancer-related death in poor countries, where delayed diagnosis leading to poor outcomes is common. [ 43 ]
Cancer of the uterus is always a concern, specifically when the bleeding occurs after menopause. Other types of cancer include cervical cancer; bleeding in that case can sometimes be triggered by postcoital bleeding. Cancers of the vagina or fallopian tubes are rare causes of hemorrhage.
A cervical polyp is a common benign polyp or tumour on the surface of the cervical canal. [2] They can cause irregular menstrual bleeding but often show no symptoms. Treatment consists of simple removal of the polyp and prognosis is generally good. About 1% of cervical polyps will show neoplastic change which may lead to cancer.
Other causes are acquired, such as cervical stenosis, intrauterine adhesions, endometrial cancer, and cervical cancer. [ 3 ] Additionally, hematometra may develop as a complication of uterine or cervical surgery such as endometrial ablation , where scar tissue in the endometrium can "wall off" sections of endometrial glands and stroma causing ...
A tunnel cluster, more formally tunnel cluster of the cervix and cervical tunnel cluster, is a benign group of dilated endocervical glands in the cervix. It is significant only in that it can be confused for a malignancy, i.e. cancer .