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If the Earth were "upright" (its axis at right angles to the orbital plane) there would be no Arctic, Antarctic, or Tropical circles: at the poles the Sun would always circle along the horizon, and at the equator the Sun would always rise due east, pass directly overhead, and set due west. The positions of the Tropical and Polar Circles are not ...
The ring was first formally proposed after 21 impact craters from the meteor event were found to be located along a straight band around the Earth's equator. [10] [11] Andrew G. Tomkins, [9] Erin L. Martin [9] and Peter A. Cawood, [9] working with Monash University, released a study in September 2024 that gave evidence on the existence of the ...
The satellites are pinpoint, while stars have created star trails due to Earth's rotation. A geostationary orbit , also referred to as a geosynchronous equatorial orbit [ a ] ( GEO ), is a circular geosynchronous orbit 35,786 km (22,236 mi) in altitude above Earth's equator , 42,164 km (26,199 mi) in radius from Earth's center, and following ...
Geodetic latitude and geocentric latitude have different definitions. Geodetic latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and the surface normal at a point on the ellipsoid, whereas geocentric latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and a radial line connecting the centre of the ellipsoid to a point on the surface (see figure).
Earth may have had a ring made up of a broken asteroid over 400 million years ago, a study finds. The Saturn-like feature could explain a climate shift at the time.
Earth radius (denoted as R 🜨 or R E) is the distance from the center of Earth to a point on or near its surface. Approximating the figure of Earth by an Earth spheroid (an oblate ellipsoid), the radius ranges from a maximum (equatorial radius, denoted a) of nearly 6,378 km (3,963 mi) to a minimum (polar radius, denoted b) of nearly 6,357 km (3,950 mi).
Objects in geostationary orbit can be perturbed by anomalies in the gravitational field of the Earth, by the gravitational effects of Sun and Moon, and by solar radiation pressure. A precessional motion of the orbital plane is caused by the oblatedness of the Earth (), and the gravitational effects of Sun and Moon. This motion has a period of ...
As a simple example from the physics of magnetically confined plasmas, consider an axisymmetric system with circular, concentric magnetic flux surfaces of radius (a crude approximation to the magnetic field geometry in an early tokamak but topologically equivalent to any toroidal magnetic confinement system with nested flux surfaces) and denote the toroidal angle by and the poloidal angle by .