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Chronic spontaneous urticaria, despite its cause being unknown, is linked to a higher prevalence of autoimmune diseases, and is often worsened by triggers like stress, infections, certain foods, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The hives and angioedema seen in CSU is thought to be linked to the degranulation of skin mast cells.
Remibrutinib is a small molecule drug that acts as a Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor. It is in development for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria. [1] [2] In November 2023, Novartis announced that the compound "demonstrated clinically meaningful and statistically significant reduction in urticaria activity vs placebo" in a Phase III trial.
However, the understanding of urticaria as an autoimmune condition is a relatively recent development in medical history. [14] The term autoimmune urticaria refers to a subset of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) cases where the immune system appears to play a significant role. This understanding began to evolve in the mid to late 20th ...
Ligelizumab (INN; development code QGE031) is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of severe asthma and chronic spontaneous urticaria. [1] It is an anti-IgE that binds to IGHE an acts as an immunomodulator. [2] [3] It is delivered as a subcutaneous biologic injection. [4] This drug was developed by Novartis Pharma AG.
Hives including chronic spontaneous hives can be a complication and symptom of a parasitic infection, such as blastocystosis and strongyloidiasis among others. [11] The rash that develops from poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac contact is commonly mistaken for urticaria.
Dermatographic urticaria is sometimes called "skin writing", as it is possible to mark deliberate patterns onto the skin The condition manifests as an allergic-like reaction, causing a warm red wheal to appear on the skin.
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Urticarial vasculitis (also known as "chronic urticaria as a manifestation of venulitis", "hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome", "hypocomplementemic vasculitis" and "unusual lupus-like syndrome") [1] is a skin condition characterized by fixed urticarial lesions that appear histologically as a vasculitis.