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In 1944, Congresswoman Winifred Claire Stanley proposed a bill against gender-based pay discrimination, but it failed to pass. Significant strides occurred with the Equal Pay Act of 1963, which mandated equal pay for equal work, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which outlawed discrimination based on gender.
Female filmmakers protesting the gender pay gap and other inequalities in the film industry, during the 2018 Cannes Film Festival. The gender pay gap can be a problem from a public policy perspective because it reduces economic output and means that women are more likely to be dependent upon welfare payments, especially in old age. [11] [12] [13]
The gender pay gap refers to the median annual pay of all woman who work full-time and year-round, thus compared to the pay of a similar background of men. [77] There is not one reason behind this gender pay gap, rather the pay gap is a result of many factors that cannot be apparent to the general public.
Under federal employment discrimination law, employers generally cannot discriminate against employees on the basis of race, [1] sex [1] [2] (including sexual orientation and gender identity), [3] pregnancy, [4] religion, [1] national origin, [1] disability (physical or mental, including status), [5] [6] age (for workers over 40), [7] military ...
The Equal Pay Act of 1963 is a United States labor law amending the Fair Labor Standards Act, aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex (see gender pay gap). It was signed into law on June 10, 1963, by John F. Kennedy as part of his New Frontier Program. [3] In passing the bill, Congress stated that sex discrimination: [4]
When investigating gender-based discrimination, the same review concluded that "men applying for strongly female-stereotyped jobs need to make between twice to three times as many applications as do women to receive a positive response for these jobs" and "women applying to male-dominated jobs face lower levels of discrimination in comparison ...
Gender research has heavily focused on the interaction between gender and the economy. Typically, research in this area involves the issue of the gender pay gap.Another aspect of gender research in economics is the less studied issue of gender-based price disparities in the cost of goods and services across different industries.
Columnist Daniel Fisher criticized the legislation in Forbes magazine, pointing out that eliminating the "reason other than sex" defense used by employers under existing law would mean that wage differences based on an individual's salary history and negotiating skills would be treated as evidence of discrimination, even if the employer's ...