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In both clades, the forelimbs were much shorter than the hindlimbs, particularly in stegosaurs. Thyreophora has been defined as the group consisting of all species more closely related to Ankylosaurus and Stegosaurus than to Iguanodon and Triceratops. It is the sister group of Cerapoda within Genasauria. [2]
Stegosaurus (/ ˌ s t ɛ ɡ ə ˈ s ɔːr ə s /; [2] lit. ' roof-lizard ') is a genus of herbivorous, four-legged, armored dinosaur from the Late Jurassic, characterized by the distinctive kite-shaped upright plates along their backs and spikes on their tails.
The origin of ankylosaurs is poorly understood, and only a few specimens from the Middle Jurassic are known. [13] The ancestry of ankylosaurs has long been sought among stegosaurs, the closest group to ankylosaurs compared to other dinosaurs. Currently, ankylosaurs are a close group of stegosaurs within the Eurypoda clade. [14]
Stegosauria is a group of herbivorous ornithischian dinosaurs that lived during the Jurassic and early Cretaceous periods.Stegosaurian fossils have been found mostly in the Northern Hemisphere (North America, Europe and Asia), Africa and possibly South America.
Ankylosaurus [nb 1] is a genus of armored dinosaur.Its fossils have been found in geological formations dating to the very end of the Cretaceous Period, about 68–66 million years ago, in western North America, making it among the last of the non-avian dinosaurs.
The holotype of Thyreosaurus belonged to an adult individual with an estimated body length of 6 metres (20 ft), but it was not fully grown. It possessed unique dermal armor that has been compared to that of nodosaurid ankylosaurs, [4] consisting of asymmetrically sided oblong plates that were likely arranged recumbent on the back of the animal, instead of being held erect as in other stegosaurs.
Stegouros was found by Soto-Acuña et al. to belong to a distinct lineage of small ankylosaurs known from the Cretaceous of southern Gondwana, also including Kunbarrasaurus from Australia and Antarctopelta from the Antarctic Peninsula. diverging before Ankylosauridae and Nodosauridae together, which was named Parankylosauria.
Mounted skeletons of Tyrannosaurus (left) and Apatosaurus (right) at the AMNH. Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago, although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is the subject of active research.