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Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Dust mite faecal pellets that can be small as 10 μm, [1] but can be contained by anti-mite fabrics of a denser pore size. [2]House dust mites (HDM, or simply dust mites) are various species of acariform mites belonging to the family Pyroglyphidae that are found in association with dust in dwellings. [3]
Compared to other forms of peptidase 1, Pso o 1 shares 54% identity with Der f 1, 53% identity with Der p 1, and 53% identity with Eur m 1. [10] A number of amino acid sequences from other peptidase 1 enzymes are shown to be conserved in Pso o 1, including enzymatic amino acids, a N-glycosylation site, and the Der p 1 epitope Leu 147-Gln 160. [10]
HDM-SLIT tablet, House Dust Mites (Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) Allergen Extract (brand names: Odactra, Acarizax, Miticure), is an allergen extract for the immunotherapic treatment of adolescents (12–17 years) [35] and adults (18–65 years).
The clearance of rapidly opsonised microfilariae from the bloodstream results in a hypersensitive immunological process and abnormal recruitment of eosinophils, as reflected by extremely high IgE levels of over 1000 kU/L. [5] [9] The typical patient is a young adult man from the Indian subcontinent.
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of antibody (or immunoglobulin (Ig) "isoform") that has been found only in mammals. IgE is synthesised by plasma cells. Monomers of IgE consist of two heavy chains (ε chain) and two light chains, with the ε chain containing four Ig-like constant domains (Cε1–Cε4). [1]
The RAST is a radioimmunoassay test to detect specific IgE antibodies to suspected or known allergens for the purpose of guiding a diagnosis about allergy. [10] [11] IgE is the antibody associated with Type I allergic response: for example, if a person exhibits a high level of IgE directed against pollen, the test may indicate the person is allergic to pollen (or pollen-like) proteins.
An IgE level greater than 2,000 IU/mL is often considered diagnostic. [17] However, patients younger than 6 months of age may have very low to non-detectable IgE levels. Eosinophilia is also a common finding with greater than 90% of patients having eosinophil elevations greater than two standard deviations above the normal mean. [ 18 ]
In type I hypersensitivity, B cells are stimulated (by CD4 + T h 2 cells) to produce IgE antibodies specific to an antigen. The difference between a normal infectious immune response and a type 1 hypersensitivity response is that in type 1 hypersensitivity, the antibody is IgE instead of IgA, IgG, or IgM.