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2. Hazard ratio - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard_ratio

   The hazard ratio is the effect on this hazard rate of a difference, such as group membership (for example, treatment or control, male or female), as estimated by regression models that treat the logarithm of the HR as a function of a baseline hazard () and a linear combination of explanatory variables:

3. Proportional hazards model - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional_hazards_model

   For example, the hazard ratio of company 5 to company 2 is ⁡ (()) =. This means that, within the interval of study, company 5's risk of "death" is 0.33 ≈ 1/3 as large as company 2's risk of death. There are important caveats to mention about the interpretation:

4. Discrete-time proportional hazards - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete-time_proportional...

   This maximum likelihood maximization depends on the specification of the baseline hazard functions. These specifications include fully parametric models, piece-wise-constant proportional hazard models, or partial likelihood approaches that estimate the baseline hazard as a nuisance function. [4]

5. Failure rate - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failure_rate

   A concept closely-related but different [2] to instantaneous failure rate () is the hazard rate (or hazard function), (). In the many-system case, this is defined as the proportional failure rate of the systems still functioning at time t {\displaystyle t} (as opposed to f ( t ) {\displaystyle f(t)} , which is the expressed as a proportion of ...

6. Nelson–Aalen estimator - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson–Aalen_estimator

   The Nelson–Aalen estimator is a non-parametric estimator of the cumulative hazard rate function in case of censored data or incomplete data. [1] It is used in survival theory, reliability engineering and life insurance to estimate the cumulative number of expected events. An "event" can be the failure of a non-repairable component, the death ...

7. Hazard quotient - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard_quotient

   A hazard quotient is the ratio of the potential exposure to a substance and the level at which no adverse effects are expected. If the Hazard Quotient is calculated to be less than 1, then no adverse health effects are expected as a result of exposure. If the Hazard Quotient is greater than 1, then adverse health effects are possible.

8. Risk–benefit ratio - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk–benefit_ratio

   A risk–benefit ratio (or benefit-risk ratio) is the ratio of the risk of an action to its potential benefits. Risk–benefit analysis (or benefit-risk analysis) is analysis that seeks to quantify the risk and benefits and hence their ratio. Analyzing a risk can be heavily dependent on the human factor.

9. Relative risk - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_risk

   In practice the odds ratio is commonly used for case-control studies, as the relative risk cannot be estimated. [1] In fact, the odds ratio has much more common use in statistics, since logistic regression, often associated with clinical trials, works with the log of the odds ratio, not relative risk. Because the (natural log of the) odds of a ...