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Josiah Willard Gibbs Born (1839-02-11) February 11, 1839 New Haven, Connecticut, U.S. Died April 28, 1903 (1903-04-28) (aged 64) New Haven, Connecticut, U.S. Nationality American Alma mater Yale College (BA, PhD) Known for List Statistical mechanics Chemical thermodynamics Chemical potential Cross product Dyadics Exergy Principle of maximum work Phase rule Phase space Physical optics Physics ...
A golden age of physics began with the simultaneous discovery of the principle of the conservation of energy in the mid-19th century. [7] [8] A golden age of physics was the years 1925 to 1927. [9] The golden age of nonlinear physics was the period from 1950 to 1970, encompassing the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou problem and others. [10]
2008-2010 – Andreas P. Schnyder, Shinsei Ryu, Akira Furusaki and Andreas W. W. Ludwig; [98] [99] and well as Alexei Kitaev, [100] develop the periodic table of topological matter. 2013 – The quantum anomalous Hall effect is first observed by the team of Xue Qikun. [101] 2012 – Wilczek proposes the idea of time crystals. [102]
In particle physics, the history of quantum field theory starts with its creation by Paul Dirac, when he attempted to quantize the electromagnetic field in the late 1920s. Major advances in the theory were made in the 1940s and 1950s, leading to the introduction of renormalized quantum electrodynamics (QED). The field theory behind QED was so ...
Physics was transformed by the discoveries of quantum mechanics, relativity, and atomic theory at the beginning of the 20th century. Physics today may be divided loosely into classical physics and modern physics. Detailed articles on specific topics are available through the Outline of the history of physics.
du Fay observed this while repeating an experiment created by Otto von Guericke, wherein a thin material, such as a feather or leaf, would repel a charged object after making contact with it. du Fay observed that the “leaf-gold is first attracted by the tube; and acquires an electricity be approaching it; and of consequence is immediately ...
Physics is the scientific study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. [1] Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines. [2] [3] [4] A scientist who specializes in the field of physics is called a physicist.
2008 – 16-year study of stellar orbits around Sagittarius A* provides strong evidence for a supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way galaxy; 2009 – Planck begins observations of cosmic microwave background; 2012 – Higgs boson found by the Compact Muon Solenoid [12] and ATLAS [13] experiments at the Large Hadron Collider