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In general, consequentialist theories focus on actions. However, this need not be the case. Rule consequentialism is a theory that is sometimes seen as an attempt to reconcile consequentialism with deontology, or rules-based ethics [15] —and in some cases, this is stated as a criticism of rule consequentialism. [16]
Bentham said that it was the placing of women in a legally inferior position that made him choose in 1759, at the age of eleven, the career of a reformist, [71] though American critic John Neal claimed to have convinced him to take up women's rights issues during their association between 1825 and 1827. [72]
[8]: 3 Epicureanism offers a pleasure-based consequential theory of ethics, and its founder says "we think empirically concerning the actions based on the results observed from any course of action." [ 9 ] Consequentialism is the class of normative ethical theories holding that the consequences of one's conduct are the ultimate basis for any ...
Aquinas proposed a theory of natural law which asserted that something is moral if it works towards the purpose of human existence, and so human nature can determine what is moral. Clark and Poortenga argued that God created human nature and thus commanded a certain morality; hence he cannot arbitrarily change what is right or wrong for humans.
Axiological ethics is a subfield of ethics examining the nature and role of values from a moral perspective, with particular interest in determining which ends are worth pursuing. [ 115 ] The ethical theory of consequentialism combines the perspectives of ethics and value theory, asserting that the rightness of an action depends on the value of ...
The human race as a whole has become wiser as history has moved along. The source of these new alternatives is the human imagination. It is the ability to come up with new ideas, rather than the ability to get in touch with unchanging essences, that is the engine of moral progress." [3]
Furthermore, he disagreed with Plato on there being a universal transcendental good, instead seeing ethics as practical and particular. [18] Rather, the virtues should be based on finding the golden mean between extremes. [20] Later Greek schools of philosophy, such as the Epicureans and Stoics, debated the conditions of the good life.
According to Aristotle, how to lead a good life is one of the central questions of ethics. [1]Ethics, also called moral philosophy, is the study of moral phenomena. It is one of the main branches of philosophy and investigates the nature of morality and the principles that govern the moral evaluation of conduct, character traits, and institutions.