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Masking occurs when the same identifier is used for different entities in overlapping lexical scopes. At the level of variables (rather than names), this is known as variable shadowing . An identifier I' (for variable X') masks an identifier I (for variable X) when two conditions are met
Data masking or data obfuscation is the process of modifying sensitive data in such a way that it is of no or little value to unauthorized intruders while still being usable by software or authorized personnel. Data masking can also be referred as anonymization, or tokenization, depending on different context.
In Electronic Health Records (EHR's) data masking, or controlled access, [1] is the process of concealing patient health data from certain healthcare providers. Patients have the right to request the masking of their personal information, making it inaccessible to any physician , or a particular physician, unless a specific reason is provided ...
Common strategies include deleting or masking personal identifiers, such as personal name, and suppressing or generalizing quasi-identifiers, such as date of birth. The reverse process of using de-identified data to identify individuals is known as data re-identification .
The de-identification process involves masking, generalizing or deleting both direct and indirect identifiers; the definition of this process is not universal. Information in the public domain , even seemingly anonymized, may thus be re-identified in combination with other pieces of available data and basic computer science techniques.
Quasi-identifiers can thus, when combined, become personally identifying information. This process is called re-identification . As an example, Latanya Sweeney has shown that even though neither gender , birth dates nor postal codes uniquely identify an individual, the combination of all three is sufficient to identify 87% of individuals in the ...
A Universal Payment Identification Code (UPIC) is an identifier (or banking address) for a bank account in the United States used to receive electronic credit payments. [1] A UPIC acts exactly like a US bank account number and protects sensitive banking information.
Pseudonymization is a data management and de-identification procedure by which personally identifiable information fields within a data record are replaced by one or more artificial identifiers, or pseudonyms. [1]