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Kidney showing circumscribed calcium deposits together with a partial stag horn calculus. Nephrocalcinosis, once known as Albright's calcinosis after Fuller Albright, is a term originally used to describe the deposition of poorly soluble calcium salts in the renal parenchyma due to hyperparathyroidism.
Pyonephrosis (from Greek pyon 'pus' and nephros 'kidney' [1]) is a dangerous kidney infection that is characterized by pus accumulation in the renal collecting system. [2] It is linked to renal collecting system blockage and suppurative renal parenchymal destruction, which result in complete or nearly complete kidney failure. [3]
Kidney disease, or renal disease, technically referred to as nephropathy, is damage to or disease of a kidney. Nephritis is an inflammatory kidney disease and has several types according to the location of the inflammation. Inflammation can be diagnosed by blood tests. Nephrosis is non-inflammatory kidney disease.
Page kidney or Page phenomena is a potentially reversible form of secondary arterial hypertension caused by external compression of the renal parenchyma by some perirenal process. [1] Any process that causes mass effect can be a potential cause of Page kidney.
Kidney ischemia [1] is a disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate. [2] Blood vessels shrink and undergo apoptosis which results in poor blood flow in the kidneys. More complications happen when failure of the kidney functions result in toxicity in various parts of the body which may cause septic shock, hypovolemia, and a need for surgery. [3]
Renal infarction is a medical condition caused by an abrupt disruption of the renal blood flow in either one of the segmental branches or the major ipsilateral renal artery. [3] Patients who have experienced an acute renal infarction usually report sudden onset flank pain , which is often accompanied by fever , nausea , and vomiting .
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is a medical condition involving the death of tubular epithelial cells that form the renal tubules of the kidneys.Because necrosis is often not present, the term acute tubular injury (ATI) is preferred by pathologists over the older name acute tubular necrosis (ATN). [1]
Segmental hypoplasia or Ask-Upmark kidney is a rare renal disease where a part of the kidney has undergone hypoplasia. The number of renal lobes is reduced, and the kidney size is less than two standard deviations from the average, with the weight often being over 50g in adults and 12–25g in children.