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Veṇpā is a closely related family of very strict [6] Tamil verse forms. They differ chiefly in the number of standard lines that occur before the final short line. In kuṟaḷ-veṇpā (or simply "kural") a single 4-foot ("standard") line is followed by a final 3-foot ("short") line, resulting in a 7-foot couplet. [7]
Written in High Tamil distich form, it has 38 chapters each containing 10 kurals or couplets, making a total of 380 couplets, all dealing with the fundamental virtues of an individual. Aṟam , the Tamil term that loosely corresponds to the English term 'virtue', correlates with the first of the four ancient Indian values of dharma , artha ...
Thirukkural English Couplet: Chennai (Palaniappa Brothers) 2018: 208 pages; ISBN: 978-93-88139-60-1: R. Jayaprakasam: Thirukkural: Text in English & Tamil: Chennai (Porselvi Pathippagam) 2019: Complete—Prose [37] How could he who eat the flesh for proliferation of his own flesh and body be enough compassionate? Pattu M. Bhoopathi
English translations of various authors; translated about 200 couplets 86: 2006: M. Annamalai: Thirukkural: Tamil–English: Chennai (Santha Publications) 76 pages 87: 2007: Kalladan: Tirukkural Readings and Reflections: Chennai (Manivasagam Publications) 273 pages 88: 2007: V. Srinivasan: Thirukkural (Sri Vijeyam Publishers) 89: 2008: M. D ...
'sacred verses'), or shortly the Kural (Tamil: குறள்), is a classic Tamil language text on commoner's morality consisting of 1,330 short couplets, or kurals, of seven words each. [4] The text is divided into three books with aphoristic teachings on virtue , wealth and love , respectively.
All 1330 couplets from the Thirukkural, composed by Thiruvalluvar, are examples of venba. Tirukkural comes under a sub-category of venba called Kural venba, wherein each kural or couplet has only two lines. Nala venba 1 is another classical work written in venba style. Niti venba 2 is another venba style book that preaches values.
The Book of Poruḷ, in full Poruṭpāl (Tamil: பொருட்பால்; lit. 'division of wealth' or 'polity'), also known as the Book of Wealth, Book of Polity, the Second Book or Book Two in translated versions, is the second of the three books or parts of the Kural literature, authored by the ancient Indian philosopher Valluvar.
Written in High Tamil distich form, it has 25 chapters each containing 10 kurals or couplets, making a total of 250 couplets all dealing with human love. The term inbam or kamam , which means 'pleasure', correlates with the third of the four ancient Indian values of dharma , artha , kama and moksha .