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Q.E.D. or QED is an initialism of the Latin phrase quod erat demonstrandum, meaning "that which was to be demonstrated". Literally, it states "what was to be shown". [ 1 ] Traditionally, the abbreviation is placed at the end of mathematical proofs and philosophical arguments in print publications, to indicate that the proof or the argument is ...
quod erat faciendum (Q.E.F.) which was to be done: Or "which was to be constructed". Used in translations of Euclid's Elements when there was nothing to prove, but there was something being constructed, for example a triangle with the same size as a given line. quod est (q.e.) which is: quod est necessarium est licitum: what is necessary is lawful
quod erat demonstrandum "that which was to be demonstrated" [1] Cited in many texts at the end of a mathematical proof. Example: "At the end of the long proof, the professor exclaimed ' QED! '" q.v. qq.v. quod vide quae vide "which see" Imperative, [1] used after a term or phrase that should be looked up elsewhere in the current document or book.
In mathematics, the tombstone, halmos, end-of-proof, or Q.E.D. symbol "∎" (or " ") is a symbol used to denote the end of a proof, in place of the traditional abbreviation "Q.E.D." for the Latin phrase "quod erat demonstrandum". It is inspired by the typographic practice of end marks, an element that marks the end of an article. [1] [2]
This abbreviation stands for "quod erat demonstrandum", which is Latin for "that which was to be demonstrated". A more common alternative is to use a square or a rectangle, such as or ∎, known as a " tombstone " or "halmos" after its eponym Paul Halmos .
Q.E.D. (quod erat demonstrandum), used at the end of a mathematical proof; Quantum electrodynamics, a field in particle physics; QED manifesto and project, a database of mathematical knowledge; QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter, a 1985 physics book by Richard Feynman
"quod erat demonstrandum" "what was required to be proved" Used by early mathematicians including Euclid (Elements, 1.4), Aristotle (APo.90b34), and Archimedes, written at the end of a mathematical proof or philosophical argument, to signify the proof as complete. Later it was latinized as "QED" or the Halmos tombstone box symbol.
QED – "Quod erat demonstrandum", a Latin phrase used at the end of a definitive proof. QEF – " Quod erat faciendum ", a Latin phrase sometimes used at the end of a geometrical construction. R