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Many models of communication include the idea that a sender encodes a message and uses a channel to transmit it to a receiver. Noise may distort the message along the way. The receiver then decodes the message and gives some form of feedback. [1] Models of communication simplify or represent the process of communication.
For example, Lee and Sangiovanni-Vincentelli have demonstrated that a so-called "tagged-signal" model can be used to provide a common framework for defining the denotational semantics of a variety of different models of concurrency, [11] while Nielsen, Sassone, and Winskel have demonstrated that category theory can be used to provide a similar ...
Alternatively, each computer may have its own user with individual needs, and the purpose of the distributed system is to coordinate the use of shared resources or provide communication services to the users. [17] Other typical properties of distributed systems include the following: The system has to tolerate failures in individual computers. [18]
The consistency model defines rules for how operations on computer memory occur and how results are produced. One of the first consistency models was Leslie Lamport 's sequential consistency model. Sequential consistency is the property of a program that its execution produces the same results as a sequential program.
Recently, the use of computer clusters with more than one thousand nodes has been spreading. As the number of nodes in a cluster increases, the rapid growth in the complexity of the communication subsystem makes message passing delays over the interconnect a serious performance issue in the execution of parallel programs. [3]
In computer science, communicating sequential processes (CSP) is a formal language for describing patterns of interaction in concurrent systems. [1] It is a member of the family of mathematical theories of concurrency known as process algebras, or process calculi, based on message passing via channels.
A task-parallel model focuses on processes, or threads of execution. These processes will often be behaviourally distinct, which emphasises the need for communication. Task parallelism is a natural way to express message-passing communication. In Flynn's taxonomy, task parallelism is usually classified as MIMD/MPMD or MISD.
Multimodal human-computer interaction involves natural communication with virtual and physical environments. It facilitates free and natural communication between users and automated systems, allowing flexible input (speech, handwriting, gestures) and output (speech synthesis, graphics). Multimodal fusion combines inputs from different ...