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Active audience theory is seen as a direct contrast to the Effects traditions, however, Jenny Kitzinger, professor of Communications at Cardiff University, argues against discounting the effect or influence media can have on an audience, acknowledging that an active audience does not mean that media effect or influence is not possible. [5]
Audience theory offers explanations of how people encounter media, how they use it, and how it affects them. Although the concept of an audience predates modern media, [1] most audience theory is concerned with people’s relationship to various forms of media. There is no single theory of audience, but a range of explanatory frameworks.
In media studies, there are two models used to construct audience reception. These models are defined as (1) The effects/hypodermic model and (2) the uses and gratification model. The effects model focuses on what the media does to audiences, influences is based on the message conveyed within the media.
By categorizing the audience's motives for viewing a certain program, they aimed to understand any potential mass-media effects by classifying viewers according to their needs. [7] The audience motivations they were able to identify helped lay the groundwork for their research in 1972 and eventually uses and gratifications theory. [17]
(The audience share is normally calculated by dividing a given channel's average audience by the average audience of all channels). Audience potential: The total number of people in a given geographical area who conform to a specific definition, such as the number of people with a television (or radio) set or the total number of people aged 6 ...
The Yale group investigated the audience predisposition, which they defined as the audience's motives, abilities, personalities, [3] and the context of the situation. [8] Kelly and Volkart [16] confirmed the notion that individuals with greater interest in retaining group membership are less likely to adopt beliefs that contradict group ...
The show has an 82% average audience score on Rotten Tomatoes. Throughout its run on CBS, it saw an estimated 11 million viewers per episode in both live and multi-platform viewings, Variety reported.
It can include effects that were not intended by the sender. [1] [12] [11] In the case of a news paper headline, the sender is the reporter, the message is the content of the headline, the newspaper itself is the channel, the audience is the reader, and the effect is how the reader responds to the headline. [13] [14]