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The epidemic of cholera that spread with the Austro-Prussian War (1866) is estimated to have taken 165,000 lives in the Austrian Empire, including 30,000 each in Hungary and Belgium and 20,000 in the Netherlands. [50] Other deaths from cholera at the time included 115,000 in Germany, 90,000 in Russia, and 30,000 in Belgium. [51]
Cholera dissemination across Asia and Europe in 1817–1831. The first cholera pandemic (1817–24) began near Kolkata and spread throughout Southeast Asia to the Middle East, eastern Africa, and the Mediterranean coast. While cholera had spread across India many times previously, this outbreak went farther; it reached as far as China and the ...
During the Ottoman-Persian War of 1821–1823, cholera would affect both armies in what is modern-day Armenia. [4] Hindu pilgrims spread cholera within the subcontinent, as had happened many times previously, and British forces carried it overland to Nepal and Afghanistan.
The first of the Sanitary Conferences was organized by the French Government in 1851 to standardize international quarantine regulations against the spread of cholera, plague, and yellow fever. In total 14 conferences took place from 1851 to 1938; the conferences played a major role in the formation of the Office international d'hygiène ...
The 1902 cholera outbreak of the Philippines began in Manila in March 1902 and the first wave ended in February 1903. [1] This was followed by a second wave from May 1903 to April 1904. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Cholera , a disease familiar to both Filipinos and American medical officers, spread throughout the archipelago during the aftermath of the ...
In October 2016, an outbreak of cholera began in war-ravaged Yemen. [87] WHO called it "the worst cholera outbreak in the world". [ 88 ] In 2019, 93% of the reported 923,037 cholera cases were from Yemen (with 1911 deaths reported). [ 89 ]
Cholera spread throughout the Middle East and was carried to the Russian Empire, Europe, Africa, and North America, in each case spreading via travelers from port cities and along inland waterways. [2] The pandemic reached Northern Africa in 1865 and spread to sub-Saharan Africa, killing 70,000 in Zanzibar in 1869–70. [3]
The third cholera pandemic (1846–1860) was the third major outbreak of cholera originating in India in the 19th century that reached far beyond its borders, which researchers at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) believe may have started as early as 1837 and lasted until 1863. [1]