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Describe the differences in proportions using the rule of thumb criteria set out by Cohen. [1] Namely, h = 0.2 is a "small" difference, h = 0.5 is a "medium" difference, and h = 0.8 is a "large" difference. [2] [3] Only discuss differences that have h greater than some threshold value, such as 0.2. [4]
Condition numbers can also be defined for nonlinear functions, and can be computed using calculus.The condition number varies with the point; in some cases one can use the maximum (or supremum) condition number over the domain of the function or domain of the question as an overall condition number, while in other cases the condition number at a particular point is of more interest.
The math behind this shows that this method is not entirely accurate, with roughly a 5% error, but the rule's objective is to get workable numbers in a dynamic environment, and it fits this purpose quite well. Here is the breakdown: A circle of 60 NM radius has a circumference of: 2 x 60 x π = 376.99 NM. 376.99 divided by 360° produces:
Cartoon by James Gillray satirizing Sir Francis Buller, 1782: "Judge Thumb; or, Patent Sticks for Family Correction: Warranted Lawful!". A modern folk etymology [14] relates the phrase to domestic violence via an alleged rule under English common law which permitted wife-beating provided that the implement used was a rod or stick no thicker than a man's thumb. [6]
The rule of 25 is just a different way to look at another popular retirement rule, the 4% rule. It flips the equation (100/4% = 25) to emphasize a different part of the retirement planning process ...
Evaluating equation gives P(A′) ≈ 0.492703. Therefore, P(B) ≈ 1 − 0.492703 = 0.507297 (50.7297%). This process can be generalized to a group of n people, where p(n) is the probability of at least two of the n people sharing a birthday. It is easier to first calculate the probability p (n) that all n birthdays are different.
The rule can then be derived [2] either from the Poisson approximation to the binomial distribution, or from the formula (1−p) n for the probability of zero events in the binomial distribution. In the latter case, the edge of the confidence interval is given by Pr( X = 0) = 0.05 and hence (1− p ) n = .05 so n ln (1– p ) = ln .05 ≈ −2.996.
The Queuing Rule of Thumb (QROT) is a mathematical formula known as the queuing constraint equation when it is used to find an approximation of servers required to service a queue. The formula is written as an inequality relating the number of servers ( s ), total number of service requestors ( N ), service time ( r ), and the maximum time to ...